Fed Is Seizing Control of the Entire U.S. Bond Market
The Federal Reserve is not leaving any corner of the U.S. bond market behind in this crisis.
There's no other way to interpret the central bank's sweeping measures announced Thursday, which together provide as much as $2.3 trillion in loans to support the economy. It will wade into the $3.9 trillion U.S. municipal-bond market to an unprecedented degree.
In the quest to find markets that look like they will weather an impending economic downturn, many investors are turning to the Federal Reserve.
The central bank, faced with seizing markets during the spread of the new coronavirus, pledged in March to do essentially whatever it takes to restore order in the marketplace. The handful of markets in which it has directly intervened by purchasing assets or lending against them have recouped some of their losses since then, a reassuring sign for investors who were taken aback by the indiscriminate selling that occurred throughout much of March.
All this, of course, is in addition to the Fed's relentless purchases of U.S. Treasuries and agency mortgage-backed securities. BlackRock Inc. said on Wednesday that the central bank's balance sheet would most likely grow to more than $10 trillion in the coming year from $4.2 trillion at the start of 2020 and would potentially exceed 50% of nominal U.S. gross domestic product.
"Our emergency measures are reserved for truly rare circumstances such as those we face today," Fed Chair Jerome Powell said in a webcast Thursday. "When the economy is well on its way back to recovery, and private markets and institutions are once again able to perform their vital functions of channeling credit and supporting economic growth, we will put these emergency tools away."
Calling the Fed's actions "throwing the kitchen sink" at the bond markets seems like a huge understatement. It's extending its reach into everything, which is probably fine for now. The tricky part will be knowing when and how to let go.
"It's tough for the Fed to basically buy the whole financial system," said Roberto Perli, a former Fed economist and head of global policy research at Cornerstone Macro. "They have to prioritize and say, 'Hey, what is the most urgent need?'