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The Doctrine of the Trinity is not Pagan in Origin
The developing doctrine of the Trinity was articulated in its early stages by Tertullian, Origen and Athanasius. They articulated much of the doctrine around the relationship between Father, Son and Holy Spirit. I repeat, the doctrine of the Trinity is not pagan in origin. It was merely articulated by these churchmen. That’s a whole lot different from taking the doctrine from a pagan source and passing it off as being from the Bible.The Arian heresy clearly sparked a significant development in understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity. Much was written to counter Arius, which is why we get the writings of these three in particular. Again, this does not mean that the doctrine was absent prior to these men.
The argument could be made that writers such as Athanasius were simply toeing the party line of Constantine in the lead up to the Nicean Council. In fact, Athanasius was not only in conflict throughout his early career against Arius but also against a succession of emperors starting with Constantine.
Arius taught that Christ was made, not begotten and therefore subordinate to God though still part of the Trinity. This was a common doctrine in Alexandria led by Eusebius of Nicomedia. Therefore this illustrates that a form of doctrine of the Trinity was not rare in the first few centuries. Its form might have been debated, but the doctrine existed.
Triads of Gods
Sadly, those who seek to assert that the doctrine of Trinity is pagan get very selective in their quoting of sources. Have a look at this breakdown for an example. As a unitarian of a few years ago, I was guilty of this myself. Bruce M Metzger notes “the mere presence of trinities in pagan mythology is irrelevant to the origin of the doctrine of the Trinity in Christian theology.” This is important.For a parallel, let’s consider the story of Moses. Many suggest that the story of Moses was based on the story of Sargon of Akkad or Sargon the Great. For a brief consideration of the parallels in the two stories, have a look at this article. Both were placed in a river by their mothers and both were rescued by someone. That’s where the similarities end. If you look at the detail of both, they are very different.
The mere fact that you find triads of Gods in other early cultures is meaningless. None of them match the story and framework of our God’s engagement with this world. The similarity is merely superficial and can safely be ignored.
The specific details of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity are not found in any pagan religion. The Trinity is one God who exists eternally in three persons who are equal in nature and distinct in their roles. Millard Erikson states “while it is true that various religions have had triads of deities, the concept of the Trinity is unique to Christianity.”