First, continued thanks for your contributions to this thread. You've single-handedly raised the level of discourse, and this is much appreciated by the thread-starter.
You're very welcome.
Now, I'm very interested in this question of evolution, but enjoy little facility in discussing it. My question to you is: Aren't plant breeding and animal breeding forms of evolution? I'm thinking specifically of our dogs and cats here. Isn't the difference between animal breeding and the full-blown theory of evolution the fact that in animal breeding a speedy evolution takes place within a species, but the full-blown theory of evolution asserts long-drawn out evolution across species?
Evolution - the purported process that gave rise to life on earth as we see it today - hinges on natural selection "survival of the fittest" and random genetic mutations, mutations to the information stored in DNA or RNA molecules (the information consists of the ordering, number and types of nucleotides).
I'd say plant and animal
selective breeding are aspects of this because if humans themselves arose naturalistically (as evolution claims) then surely what they do is as natural as any other biological process?
There is no example though of selective breeding yielding new species despite the fact that selective breeding operates significantly faster than nature.
There is rather good evidence too that artificially induced mutations almost invariably lead to degradation, rarely if ever leading to a benefit let alone a benefit that can propagate.
Evolution is intellectually attractive, Darwin was a very gifted scientist and researcher and the evolution theory is on the surface very reasonable, this is one of the reasons it has become widely accepted by laymen who often know close to nothing about it.
But there are problems, very serious evidential problems with the theory; there are observations that frankly are completely inconsistent with the empirical expectations of evolution.
For example there is no evidence whatsoever (unless one is willing to stretch credulity to absurd lengths) that the fauna preserved in the Cambrian fossils, the hugely diverse phyla that comprise the Cambrian explosion, actually arose through evolution. None of the rather complex animal species has any credible ancestor fossils, almost all of today's phyla seem to have arisen within a few million years during the Cambrian explosion yet each seems to just appear, fully formed with no obvious evidence of gradual emergence, prior to them the fossil record reveals bacteria, worms and other very simple organisms.
What we would reasonably expect to see is missing, completely absent not just for some of the phyla but every single phylum, none of them have any credible ancestor fossils despite the fact that these ancestors simply had to have existed if evolution be true, this is the case too in every part of the earth that we find these fossils. If they did evolve then the same ancestors were not preserved and the same derivatives were preserved in an identical way no matter where on earth this was!
The diversity among the phyla too is very significant, very large morphological differences are observed (well that's why there referred to as phyla) yet apparently these appeared suddenly, almost instantaneously - this is not fancy, this is very reasonably what the evidence reveals, its is far more consistent with a sudden, dramatic appearance than it is with a gradual, slow, incremental process, but most biologists are not prepared to believe this evidence.
Evolution by definition cannot produce large scale adaptations and morphological diversity in short time periods.
The more one examines and explores the Cambrian explosion the more obvious it appears that these animals did not evolve, the naive claim that the requisite fossils of ancestors was simply not preserved yet this is untenable for several reasons.
Darwin had this to say about the Cambrian problem:
... it cannot be doubted that all the Cambrian and Silurian trilobites are descended from some on crustacean, which must have lived long before the Cambrian age, and which probably differed greatly from any known animal. ...
... if the theory be true, it is indisputable that before the lowest Cambrian stratum was deposited long periods elapsed, as long as, or probably far longer than, the whole interval from the Cambrian age to the present day; and that during these vast periods the world swarmed with living creatures.
To the question why we do not find rich fossiliferous deposits belonging to these assumed earliest periods prior to the Cambrian system, I can give no satisfactory answer.