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It was once favored that the earth was flat. We have learned better since.
There was never a "scientific" consensus that the earth was flat. The ancient Greeks had figured it out that the earth was 'spherical' based on evidence.
Eratosthenes even figured out the circumference of the earth more than 2000 years ago and he was reasonably accurate. However, the ancient Hebrew authors of the Old Testament believed the earth was flat and was the centre of the Universe- that was based in ignorance and religious beliefs, not evidence.
A modern-day scientific consensus comes about because of evidence, especially a strong consilience of evidence from many different lines of investigation across many different fields of science.