To your specific examples, yes, I believe states have the right to define abortion law because there is nothing in the Constitution that prohibits them from doing so, and the 9th and 10th amendments limit the federal government's powers to enumerated powers. Now, among those enumerated federal powers is the authority to stand up an army and place the President in charge of that army. The Constitution goes on to expressly prohibit the states from keeping a standing army. The California National Guard is therefore not Gavin Newsom's to command. It's Donald Trump's to command. While a power to call out the National Guard has been delegated to states in cases of emergency, states do not overrule the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces on military matters, ever.
Now, without understanding states right or the US Constitution, you have found yourself easily spun. You've seen headlines, no doubt, that Trump's calling out the CA National Guard over Newsom's objections is "unprecedented!". And that may be true, but it is not illegal, and that's the point.
I wouldn't argue the US Constitution with me, Yes'. You're out of your depth.