It does impact calcification rates of many organisms, I have done a few studies on this myself since it was critical for maximizing profits in my business at the time (raising and selling corals).
I don't doubt that there are effects to changes in the environment... one trait of life on this planet is that often times it's those organisms that are least able to adapt that don't survive. That said, even with SOME negative impacts to an increased acidity of the oceans, these are hardly what one could call 'detrimental' effects, and that's not to say that there isn't anything that causes detrimental effects, BUT when the focus is on simply the CO2 element it's really not a huge deal.
A drop in the bucket - and these are exceptions feel free to read the rest of the article you linked.
This is one small segment of calcifying organisms, crustaceans are a bit role player in the realm of calcifying organisms, and even in this isolated study it only occurred in 7 out of 18 of those crustaceans - and yes the mechanisms as to why are being investigated. there are also some species of coccolithophores (planktonic calcifying algae) which also seem to have increased calcification (under present conditions versus preindustrial), however they are exceptions not the rule, there are more species that are impacted negatively than positively for both the crustaceans investigated, and the coccolithophores.
crustaceans and some coccolithophores have something in common, they both produce CacO3 (calcium carbonate) predominantly in the form of calcite as opposed to the more soluble aragonite. In the past (such as Cretaceous - Jurassic) time periods of high CO2 are marked by calcite being the dominant (and virtually the only) form of CaCO3. It is suitable to high CO2 environments because it dissolves slower at lowered pH than its cousin aragonite (aragonite is also CaCO3). I suspect this has something to do with the ease of adaptation for them.
I do not know why they chose to use 2000 ppm for their studies, but there are detrimental effects in calcification rates (and the rate CACO3 dissolves) that are evident in many organisms with very minor changes in pH (mind you even a .3 decrease in pH is essentially doubling the amount of H+). These are most pronounced and noteble in aragonite dominant species.
It was 1000 ppm, I forget which study it was that went to 2000 ppm... I think that was a study determining the effects of CO2 on plant growth, because plants grew at peak efficiency around 1000ppm of CO2 (as they use in many greenhouses), so they had to raise the CO2 levels to the point nearing the levels of toxicity before there was any bad effects. I forget, but I do remember one study where it was literally that obscene level.
Organisms that deposit predominantly aragonite instead of calcite (reminder - aragonite dissolves more readily at a higher pH than calcite does) would react very differently to a CO2 induced pH change. These calcifying organisms are extremely vulnerable
Among these are molluscs (read your article), and cnidaria (esp. scleractinia or stony corals). Both of which I have first hand experience rearing and observing while documenting their rate of growth as a function of pH level related to different CO2 levels (indoor grow out tanks versus greenhouse). Just the elevated CO2 indoors versus the ambient outdoor CO2 was enough to change the pH by ~.2 units, and growth rates in the high CO2 low pH indoor grow was always significantly lower than the external ambient CO2 (~375 PPM at the time) grown colonies.
You obviously know alot more about this topic then I do... but yes, this is a BIT of an issue, but still is not such pressing issue that we should take political measures that would effectively create a post-industrial society... as was hyped before the beginning of the actual study.
There are still many calcifying organisms not even mentioned here, all of which rely on CaCO3 (mostly aragonite) deposition for growth and survival. I need to stop or this will become tl;dr (probably too late)
I was wondering if you were going to bite when I asked "how acidic?" thank yo for the accurate clarification here, it does not mean become acidic as in pH< 7, but rather just a decline in pH, such as if it was 135 F and it is now 125 F there was cooling, although it is still freakin hot.
Exactly, but even with something like acid rain, we're not talking about acid to the point where it melts the clothes off your back, as was depicted in shows like 'captain planet' when I was younger.. which even in that case, it's not the carbon that would cause this level of acidification, it's the sulfur. (primarily, there's multiple factors at play, of course)
This was one study that shows promise for a few crustaceans, I volunteered a few more for you with the coccolithophores - the observed change in them is in situ comparing preindustrial skeleton mass to present day. It would be very cool to see exactly why I have my hunches and am betting calcite and carbonate availability have substantial roles to this.
I would need to see the paper itself to know why they used 2000 ppm for their CO2 levels, there are variables such as alkalinity, pH and even to a minor degree temperature that would also need to be taken into consideration. There are numerous tweaks to the system that could have been made to keep it in balance for other parameters that could influence the ratio of carbonate versus bicarbonate, versus carbonic acid. It could have been merely to speed things up. dissolution of both aragonite and calcite can be eliminated by a few calculations so from there you can isolate deposition.
I don't know much about what you've said here, but the 2000 was my bad, it's just 1000ppm that they used, which is STILL more then double current atmospheric levels, a fact that requires it's own proper considerations. But, let's say it was the opposite, that we were concerned about LOWERING Co2 levels, then we'd be hearing the opposite concerns for the opposite creatures.
I know a few marine biologists that are working on research directly related to calcification rates in corals, trust me they are not making much cash out of this grab (well one is now. he took a job working with a pharmaceutical company).. this is a part of several reasons that swayed me away from research and pushed me into the entrepreneurial route.
I'll just clarify the point... it's not like research will necessarily make you a millionaire because you study CO2 (those are the ones that are working for the IPCC, the CRU, to a lesser extent NASA (but that has a whole other cash cow)... but more like, if you're going to study say, migrating patterns of birds... I dunno, you will have to all but get on your knees and beg to get funding... BUT, if your paper is changed to 'CO2's IMPACT on bird migration patterns' then you'll find yourself getting funding much more easily.
It falls into the "not understood"... especially when you realize the picture showing the dramatic difference is not even a crustacean and is an echinoderm.
There is SOO MUCH about the environment and the climate that we don't understand, and as evidence, back in the 70's when it was a 'global cooling' scare, there were plans drawn up to put carbon over the ice caps to capture more heat and all that, so imagine what the case would be if we had to go back and clean up the mess... Some of the more powerful computers in the world taking into consideration all the available data can't predict the weather with anymore then a 50% accuracy a week out... and yes, in the culmination of weather reports you're effectively predicting the climate over the thousands of micro-climates.
Point is, it's no surprise there's alot that's not understood.
a .2 change is drastic, and is enough to have a profound effect on calcification rates.. your one article is the equivalent of looking at a hair follicle on the back of a hand and declaring the person bald. The only people saying the oceans would become acidic are people who have ZERO understanding of the subject. The notion of our oceans becoming actually acidic is ludicrous, and exemplifies the "I stayed at a holiday inn last nite" army of "experts" on the case.
Ya, for sure... but here's the way the scam works :
- The study is on the 'acidification' which is the scientific term for lowering pH levels from a -> b
- In the papers the lay person reads this, or the 'green peace' level environmentalist, and they freak out because they think acidification like rain becoming acid rain.
- Then there is lobbying towards regulations for this as a reason... and in the furor it passes.
- Finally, the actual study comes out and it's not nearly as detrimental as it was first sold.
You do realize that the main reason that we do not already have a global carbon tax (that most heavily hits the west) that would have become binding in Copenhagen is BECAUSE that's when climategate broke out, and then several other scandals erupted from the "scientific" community... that shed just enough doubt on the program that other nations, specifically those in africa and places actually READ the agreements and then walked away. The program fell apart.
They are back in mexico already trying again...
Bye bye cars, air conditioning, heating, electricity, industry, jobs... if this program is successful...
There is good news however, once again :
SPECIAL REPORT: More Than 1000 International Scientists Dissent Over Man-Made Global Warming Claims - Challenge UN IPCC & Gore | Climate Depot
So, the pressure is mounting against these initiatives, as common sense is starting to prevail.