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And here is where the trouble begins. The Alexandrian text is regarded as being influenced by a pagan culture and a group who denied the deity of CHRIST. On the other hand the Antioch text originates from the early disciples:
And again, it would appear that the Alexandrian text was not the most accurate copy of the Bible text. However, if a group wanted to deny the deity of CHRIST, then it would be the go to version.
What has been shown to us is this: God is one essence (ousia) and three persons or subjects (hypostases), namely the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Just as there can be musical trio, the three musicians share the same essence (ousia), they are human beings, yet each one is an individual person or subject (hypostases), so too God is one divine essence which just only applies to three individual subjects, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit The three persons of the Godhead are three centers of consciousness possessing volition. As Hank Hanegraaff puts it: “one What and three Whos.”
The doctrine of the Trinity is then a threefold biblical truth. First, there is one God. This is most clearly expressed in the beginning of the Jewish Shema: “Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one” (Deut. 6:4).
Second, the three persons share the same divine nature. The Father is God. This is why Christian prayers are addressed to “our Father in heaven” (Matt. 6:5). Jesus Christ is God. The prologue to the Gospel of John tells us: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made…And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us” (Jn. 1:1-3, 14). Jesus is neither a demigod nor a creature made in the likeness of God but fully divine and fully human in one person. The Holy Spirit is God. Paul taught “the Lord is the Spirit” (2 Cor. 3:13) and Peter indicated lying to the Holy Spirit is tantamount to lying to God (Acts 5:3-5). Our verbal assaults upon one another can grieve the Spirit (Eph. 4:29-30), which tells us the Spirit is a person, since only a person can grieve. As such the Holy Spirit is the third person of the Trinity.
Third, the three persons are distinct from one another. Scriptures present clear subject-object relationships between the three divine persons. For example, at the baptism of Jesus, the Lord comes up from the water, the Spirit of God descends like a dove, and a voice from heaven says “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased” (Matt. 3:16-17; cf. Mk. 1:10-11; Lk. 3:21-22). Prior to being put to death by stoning, the first Christian martyr Stephen was “full of the Holy Spirit,” and he “gazed into heaven a saw the glory of God and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. And he said, ‘Behold, I see the heavens open, and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God” (Acts 7:55-56).
John 14-16 further illustrates the subject-object relationship between the three persons of the Godhead:
- Christ asks the Father to give us the Helper, i.e., the Paraclete or Holy Spirit, and the Father sends the Spirit in the name of Christ (14:16).
- The Father sends the Helper in the name of Christ and the Spirit teaches and brings to our remembrance the teachings of Christ (14:26)
- Christ sends to us the Spirit from the Father, the Spirit proceeds from the Father, and bears witness about the Christ (15:26)
- Christ goes to the Father, the Spirit comes to us, He convicts the world concerning sin righteousness, and judgment (16:7-11).
- The Spirit guides us in all truth, yet never speaks on His own authority, but He speaks on behalf of Christ. All that the Father has belongs to Christ, and the Holy Spirit takes what belongs to Christ and declares it to us (16:12-15).
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