For most people, not at all. For people in math, science, and engineering, obviously it's pretty useful.
But k-12 is about developing a foundation, and getting exposure to a wide range of fields of study.
As you develop a talent for some, or a passion for some, you can start to focus on those and transition to college to the same. Or, you find none of that was really to your liking, and you enter the work force after school, and at least you have a moderately useful foundation. So you get exposed to them, like it or not, in k-12. And since they can't "know" what your passion/talent will necessarily be before you find it, you get it all.
I used very few math formulas other than maybe some simple algebra and geometry, until I got further in my career and I started using a lot of algebra/geometry/trig, and a smattering of calculus and discrete math. Then I decided to go into software development, and I'm using more of the same. So I used none of it right out of school, and largely hated it in school, and ended up using it later in life, and not hating it, and it was good to at least have the foundation that let me quickly pick it all back up, or to even know enough to "brush up" on it.
Math is especially difficult to just dive into, it's so hierarchical in many cases that if you don't have a good handle on the lower stuff, the higher stuff simply can't be used. I would think things like History or Political classes or geography are much easier to just pick up a book and memorize, than it is later in life to just pick up a diff-eq book and crank out the sample tests...