A quick understanding of united states of america's systems of governance (federal & state)

supremeLaw said:

There are plenty of flaws and errors in that OP, will you first acknowledge the error I’ve already pointed out? Once we agree the first sentence isn’t accurate I can move to the next error in the OP.

I agree public civic education has failed do to the lack of education as well as errors in what’s being taught. Did you have a specific point about civic education you’d like to discuss?

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In addition to improving the lives of individual citizens in new democracies, the spread of democracy will benefit the international system by reducing the likelihood of war. Democracies do not wage war on other democracies. This absence-or near absence, depending on the definitions of "war" and "democracy" used-has been called "one of the strongest nontrivial and nontautological generalizations that can be made about international relations."51 One scholar argues that "the absence of war between democracies comes as close as anything we have to an empirical law in international relations."52 If the number of democracies in the international system continues to grow, the number of potential conflicts that might escalate to war will diminish. Although wars between democracies and nondemocracies would persist in the short run, in the long run an international system composed of democracies would be a peaceful world. At the very least, adding to the number of democracies would gradually enlarge the democratic "zone of peace."

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The Evidence for the Democratic Peace

Many studies have found that there are virtually no historical cases of democracies going to war with one another. In an important two-part article published in 1983, Michael Doyle compares all international wars between 1816 and 1980 and a list of liberal states.53 Doyle concludes that "constitutionally secure liberal states have yet to engage in war with one another."54 Subsequent statistical studies have found that this absence of war between democracies is statistically significant and is not the result of random chance.55 Other analyses have concluded that the influence of other variables, including geographical proximity and wealth, do not detract from the significance of the finding that democracies rarely, if ever, go to war with one another.

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RealityNow said:

No.... (I don't particularly care what you agree or disagree to, or whether you move on from your spin or not)

I gave you definitions of Perspective and Context, if you understood what it means, you'd stop with the insidiousness. If you want to write about something related to the Title of the OP, then do so... Otherwise, I don't care about your trying to get an ego lift off of what you don't like about what's written" ...
I don't have time nor concern for your pursuit of some ego spin. Geez!!!!

I've included commentary about Civics Education... you'd know that if you comprehended what is written.

Maybe this might be helpful for you on the subject of Civics Education National Standards for Civics and Government

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RealityNow said:

People choose to want to ignore "Regulatory Principles", which are covered under Constitution Powers

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supremeLaw said:

I didn’t know the phrase “regulatory principles” was written in the constitution, but I will read it so I don’t ignore it. Where in the constitution can I find “regulatory principles” written please?

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RealityNow said:

When you figure out what Congress and our Governing Entities do, you might understand what and how it applies to the work they do.

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Citizenship is the common thread that connects all Americans. We are a nation bound not by race or religion, but by the shared values of freedom, liberty, and equality.

Throughout our history, the United States has welcomed newcomers from all over the world. Immigrants have helped shape and define the country we know today. Their contributions help preserve our legacy as a land of freedom and opportunity. More than 200 years after our founding, naturalized citizens are still an important part of our democracy. By becoming a U.S. citizen, you too will have a voice in how our nation is governed.

The decision to apply is a significant one. Citizenship offers many benefits and equally important responsibilities. By applying, you are demonstrating your commitment to this country and our form of government.

Below you will find several rights and responsibilities that all citizens should exercise and respect. Some of these responsibilities are legally required of every citizen, but all are important to ensuring that America remains a free and prosperous nation.

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Bill of Rights, in the United States, the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which were adopted as a single unit on December 15, 1791, and which constitute a collection of mutually reinforcing guarantees of individual rights and of limitations on federal and state governments.

Originally, the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government. (One of the amendments that the U.S. Senate rejected would have applied those rights to state laws as well.) However, the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) did forbid states to abridge the rights of any citizen without due process, and, beginning in the 20th century, the U.S. Supreme Court gradually applied most of the guarantees of the Bill of Rights to state governments as well.

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are summarized below.

1 Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
2 Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia.
3 No quartering of soldiers.
4 Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.
5 Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy.
6 Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.
7 Right of trial by jury in civil cases.
8 Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments.
9 Other rights of the people.
10 Powers reserved to the state

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All Amendments to the United States Constitution

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supremeLaw said:

All the constitutions I’ve seen says Congress legislates. If yours says regulate, you might need a new constitution.

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Legislation is both the description of the legal requirements, and of the punishment for violating the law. ... Government regulation is a natural extension of legislation, in that it defines and controls some of the ways that a business or individual can operate in order to follow the law.

A regulation refers to a specific requirement that can take on various forms, such as industry specific regulation or regulations that are much broader in scope. ... Legislation is a directive proposed by a legislative body while a regulation is a specific requirement within legislation.

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RealityNow said:

The Bill of Rights

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RealityNow said:

Legislation and Regulation

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supremeLaw said:

Just because a random website or blog makes a post, doesn’t mean it supersedes the Constitution. You’re joking right?
The constitution specifically says Congress is the legislative branch and never once mentions regulation. A random post on a website won’t change things. Please reference something more substantial and credible.

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RealityNow said:

I don't need to reference anything other than what I posted.... if you have question or inquiry, you are welcome to research anything that makes you feel better about your interpretations.

You are more of a "spinner" than one who can provide any contribution to the OP Title.

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supremeLaw said:

The bill of rights never applied to the federal government, it was a reminder to the federal government that these items not listed are out of their power/control as well as all others not listed or granted.

The 14th amendment never says the bill of rights apply to the states.

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RealityNow said:

Go to any state and violate it and let's see how that works out for you.

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supremeLaw said:

It’s interesting that I’m referencing the exact quote from the constitution and you’re referencing a random website (which actually doesn’t count as a legitimate reference), but you claim my word for word quote of the constitution is spin or interpretation. I hope you’ll look in the mirror soon. You appear to have great passion but treating random websites as fact and the constitution’s written words as spin and interpretation is nonsensical

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Opportunity Barriers and Their Causes

There is no fixed definition of economic opportunity, but most will agree that it corresponds to the realization of personal potential. If a child faces an inadequate school system, or a toxic environment, it will be much harder for her to realize her intellectual, and later, her economic, potential. If a parent lives in a community with an insufficient quantity of jobs, or jobs that pay wages that are too low to support a family, or jobs for which she lacks the necessary skills, both she and her family face opportunity shortfalls. Such barriers can meaningfully be extended beyond schooling and jobs to housing, nutrition, health care, and even infrastructure. For example, consider the fact that due to toxic infrastructure — lead leaching into water pipes — children in parts of our country may suffer brain impairments (though, importantly, such damage need not be permanent). [1] This is a clear example of an opportunity barrier constructed by a public policy failure, one that should be unacceptable in an economy as wealthy and advanced as our own.

Given that framing of the problem, a clear role for policy in the opportunity space is to take down the barriers that get between people and the realization of their economic potential. The extent of the problem can be at least roughly measured through a set of proxies that indicate the existence of opportunity barriers.

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RealityNow said:

What ever the affliction is that you have as a condition... I'll leave you deal with it within yourself. :2wave:

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Responsibilities of the EPA

The EPA sets and enforces tolerable limits of pollution, and it establishes timetables to bring polluters into line with standards, an important aspect of its work since most of these requirements are recent and industries must be given reasonable time, often several years, to conform to new standards. The EPA also has the authority to coordinate and support the research and anti-pollution efforts of state and local governments, private and public groups, and educational institutions. Furthermore, regional EPA offices have the power to develop, propose, and implement approved regional programs for comprehensive environmental protection. While the EPA delegates some responsibilities such as monitoring and enforcement to state governments, it retains the authority to enforce policies through fines, sanctions, and other measures granted by the federal government.

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The Food and Drug Administration is the oldest comprehensive consumer protection agency in the U. S. federal government. Since 1848 the federal government has used chemical analysis to monitor the safety of agricultural products -- a responsibility inherited by the Department of Agriculture in 1862 and by later by the FDA.

Although it was not known by its present name until 1930, FDA’s modern regulatory functions began with the passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act, a law a quarter-century in the making that prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated and misbranded food and drugs--had been the driving force behind this law and headed its enforcement in the early years, providing basic elements of protection that consumers had never known before that time.

Since then, the FDA has changed along with social, economic, political and legal changes in the United States. Examining the history of these changes illuminates the evolving role that FDA has played in promoting public health and offers lessons to consider as we evaluate current regulatory challenges.

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The labor movement in the United States grew out of the need to protect the common interest of workers. For those in the industrial sector, organized labor unions fought for better wages, reasonable hours and safer working conditions. The labor movement led efforts to stop child labor, give health benefits and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired.

Origins of The Labor Movement

The origins of the labor movement lay in the formative years of the American nation, when a free wage-labor market emerged in the artisan trades late in the colonial period. The earliest recorded strike occurred in 1768 when New York journeymen tailors protested a wage reduction. The formation of the Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers (shoemakers) in Philadelphia in 1794 marks the beginning of sustained trade union organization among American workers.

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The Occupational Safety and Health Administration was established in 1971. Since then, OSHA and our state partners, coupled with the efforts of employers, safety and health professionals, unions and advocates, have had a dramatic effect on workplace safety. Fatality and injury rates have dropped markedly. Although accurate statistics were not kept at the time, it is estimated that in 1970 around 14,000 workers were killed on the job. That number fell to approximately 4,340 in 2009. At the same time, U.S. employment has almost doubled and now includes over 130 million workers at more than 7.2 million worksites. Since the passage of the OSH Act, the rate of reported serious workplace injuries and illnesses has declined from 11 per 100 workers in 1972 to 3.6 per 100 workers in 2009. OSHA safety and health standards, including those for trenching, machine guarding, asbestos, benzene, lead, and bloodborne pathogens have prevented countless work-related injuries, illnesses and deaths. This timeline highlights key milestones in occupational safety and health history since the creation of OSHA.

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The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person's race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. It is also illegal to discriminate against a person because the person complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit.

Most employers with at least 15 employees are covered by EEOC laws (20 employees in age discrimination cases). Most labor unions and employment agencies are also covered.

The laws apply to all types of work situations, including hiring, firing, promotions, harassment, training, wages, and benefits.

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As an organization with diverse functions, the U.S. Department of Labor carries out its mission through a number of offices and agencies. These are organized into major program areas, and headed by an Assistant Secretary or other official.

Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to questions on various labor topics by selecting a category below. The Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations are the official source for regulatory information published by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL).

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About HHS
It is the mission of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) to enhance and protect the health and well-being of all Americans. We fulfill that mission by providing for effective health and human services and fostering advances in medicine, public health, and social services.

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