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Okay, but what is that study based off of? What qualities do we was a society believe are present in an 18 year-old that we don't think are there in an 11 year-old? As far as I can tell, all the necessary criteria for declaring an adult competent to stand trial are present in a sixth grader. The only difference is that we want to hold on to our societal illusion that kids are wide eyed and innocent.
Impulse control, for one. Another would be emotional stability and, for a third, ability to dispel a connection between morality and the influence of authority figures. I don't really think an 11 year old is capable of the last at all, especially when it comes to parental figures. If they see ugly behavior, violence, and criminality in the adults around them, then it stands to reason that the influence on them to behave in a criminal manner would mitigate their culpability. The law does make concession that the guardian is more responsible for the child's behavior than the child itself is.