Mostly correct. Statistical mechanics uses the laws of thermodynamics. None of the laws of thermo (0-3) have been proven from first principle. You can measure thermodynamic systems and compare those to the laws to see if violation have occurred. But that is a qualitative test of the laws of thermodynamics, not quantitative.
No, measuring the energy output of a oil fired steam system driving turbogenerators is a quantitative measure of the validity of thermodynamics, and the measured outputs can be compared against thermodynamic theory. When results are found to be in conflict with the Laws of thermodynamics, it's the exeriment that's flawed. No experiment has ever successfully demonstrated a violation of the laws of thermodynamics. Entropy, it's not a good idea, it's the Law.
Indeed, observation has led to the discovery of these laws. Just as rights can be discovered through qualitative measurement and understanding of philosophy.
No, "rights" can be created, not "discovered".
There's a difference.
Columbus discovered America, he didn't create the continents.
Mothers create babies, they're not discovered.
Let's assume the independent absolute existence of the right to life is an innate property of human individuals as you claim.
In 1972 it was determined that women have a "right to choose to commit abortion" upon their unborn babies.
Since the baby is human, it has now been denied the right to life, and it's existence is now dependent upon the whim of the individual carrying it.
But...if the right to commit abortions was discovered, as you claim new rights are from time to time, then the mother has always had the right to commit abortion, and therefore the unborn baby's right to life never existed.
Since the mother was at one time an unborn child herself, she herself never had the right to life.
Since the science of life shows that the unborn fetus, from the moment of conception, is a genetically distinct individual, and physically distinct from the mother in that body fluids are not exchanged across the placenta, there is no naturally mile stone in the fetal development that says "human rights start here". Not a one, because the fetus is already human, from conception.
So, the human fetus, which also has the "right to choose to commit abortion", since by the standards of the argument presented so far, exist independently of the individuals ability to exercise them or even understand them, is denied it's right to life...from the moment of conception to a legally defined and pretty much arbitrary condition, that of birth.
How can, therefore a baby's right to life co-exist with the right someone else has to murder that same child?
Answer: It cannot. The "right" to life is at present legally defined to allow the newly created "right to murder unborn babies" an existence for the convenience of a particular class of voters.
And that is only possible because neither right is an absolute. instead, both are constructs of human law, and nothing but.