Thanks for your thoughtful response. Have been to the South frequently, though mainly Louisiana, where my son is in school and where my nephew was married to a southern gal. Think of this: her family had mixed race relatives, they did the wedding at a plantation and the wedding party, including the young black guys, were dressed in Confederate uniforms with stars and bars on their sleeves. Wouldn’t happen now, I presume. To top it off, my wife and I stayed in cabins near the plantation house, in remodeled shacks that were slave dwellings. The managers had an exhibit on slavery and its cruelties.
As to the NAACP banner about lynching, it was race neutral. What struck me about the phenomenon was that the number of white people lynched in, say Mississippi, was more than the total lynched in the entire northeast and mid-Atlantic combined, if I remember the stats correctly. Lynching was mainly a racist phenomenon, but what in the culture of southern states accounted for the lynching of so many whites? I can’t imagine the courts were lenient. Interesting book on the subject by the way, is “At the Hands of Persons Unknown,” which was the phrase the coroners often put as the cause of death.
As to the gerrymandering, I think it was a court in the area of NC that stated that in its decision, not the 9th Circuit. The 9th is indeed a liberal circuit. Years ago in the 80s, I used to evaluate and issue opinions on asylum claims for Amnesty International and joked that if I were advising Salvadoran and Guatemalan refugees I would tell them to run to the 9th to avoid the terrible asylum decisions under Reagan that would get overturned there, tho to be fair, other circuits did that as well.