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Objective Morality.

The evidence is in the pudding. Maybe I'm not approaching this in the abstract way everyone else is, but i believe that depending on the circumstance something is either always wrong or always right. The proof is the consequence of the action performed and the reason. And I would point back to my examples. Sure some people could argue that what I see as unforgivable killing can be righteous and pure, but I can argue why it's wrong objectively and how that negatively impacts us all. I don't believe there is an argument to refute it. That is why I believe that it is all self evidentiary.

But you haven't shown that anything is objectively wrong. The closest you've come is to say that some acts "negatively impacts us all", which is not only subjective (as it depends on how one sees "negatively") but is also untrue.
 
I'm arguing from the reality of a circumstance. Our opinions are abstract and in exist in the vacuum of our mind, our actions do not. When performed that have real effects on our reality that are consistent with everybody else. This is objective.

My opinions are in no way abstract. Some may be qualified by changing circumstances. Some are so deeply imbedded in granite, you couldn't blast them out with a nuclear explosion. And actions can be interpreted just as differently as can expressed opinions depending on another person's perception of morality. I have no idea what actions or realities 'are consistent with everybody else.'
 
But you haven't shown that anything is objectively wrong. The closest you've come is to say that some acts "negatively impacts us all", which is not only subjective (as it depends on how one sees "negatively") but is also untrue.

Well it is only because we view unjust killing, we call it murder, wrong that we don't have to walk down the street and worry about a high possibility of getting shanked. I guess what meant is that when someone kills someone because they are angry and want revenge or because it's fun to them they set a precedence for other like minded individuals, this is harmful to society, it is because such an act is condemned and punished harshly that it doesn't happen on a grand scale.

I mean current studies show that globally crime continues to decrease.
Is the world getting better or worse? - opinion - 14 October 2013 - New Scientist

Regardless of that I believe it is objective to say that taking someone's life without justification who otherwise does not want to die is objectively wrong. To say that is actually up to interpretation because other's may think otherwise is appealing to those who are irrational.

If we start killing each other this is bad for all of us. That is an objective statment. Therefore unjust killing is morally wrong. Always.
 
No, that was almost a word for word quote from the John Galt speech.

"All that which is proper to the life of a rational being is the good; all that which destroys it is the evil."

I doubt that Ayn Rand and I would agree at all on the meaning of "proper". Nor do I think that the idea of "don't hurt people" was new in 1957. Either way, no, I was not inspired at all by Atlas Shrugged, and I'm not even sure that your quote even means what I was saying. Nor was anything I said "word for word" with that quote. I very intentionally chose to avoid imposing a duty to create good. Good is too subjective. My good and your good may be very different. But evil is not subjective. Neither of us wish to fear for our lives or safety, to be slaves to anyone else against our will, to be hungry, to be physically harmed against our will, to be driven from our homes, to be sick or malnourished, or to be killed. Those are evil, objectively. Not doing those things, and preventing them, that is the objective good.

That's cool, but you know what would be even cooler?

Evidence that morality is actually objective and not merely a human construct

These are good reasons for why we should act in a moral way but they are not arguments that demonstrate that morality is objective.

Why do you think that human constructs cannot be objective? There are things about us that are universal. We don't like to be hungry, miserable, or afraid. (Simulated fear responses like a scary movie are nothing like actual fear for one's life or safety) We don't like pain or suffering. (Pain for sexual pleasure is hardly the same thing as being harmed against one's will) That's part of our biology, and our sense of right and wrong comes from our biology. It's encoded in our DNA. That's objective. It's not subject to opinion.

Morality is mainly a human instinct evolved to aid survival and procreation using group based strategies. It is both objective and subjective.

I think that makes it objective. It's not based on our conscious thoughts, it's based on our bodies and subconscious hardwiring. That doesn't vary based on one's ideas or beliefs.

But you haven't shown that anything is objectively wrong. The closest you've come is to say that some acts "negatively impacts us all", which is not only subjective (as it depends on how one sees "negatively") but is also untrue.

If no one wants something to happen to them, then doing that thing to anyone is wrong. Right and wrong aren't etched into the stars. They're purely biological concepts. They only apply to living creatures that act upon each other and make decisions. The universe doesn't have to disapprove of something for it to be objectively wrong. Only the human race as a whole, regardless of one's ideas or opinions, does. And the human race basically agrees that being made to suffer is undesirable, and that causing suffering is morally wrong. Those who do anyway are, you know, immoral.
 
My opinions are in no way abstract. Some may be qualified by changing circumstances. Some are so deeply imbedded in granite, you couldn't blast them out with a nuclear explosion. And actions can be interpreted just as differently as can expressed opinions depending on another person's perception of morality. I have no idea what actions or realities 'are consistent with everybody else.'

Well then we simply disagree. I believe that killing an infant for ****s and giggles qualifies for an objectively morally wrong action that everyone, who is rational, can agree on, even you. That is why I included intellectual honesty in my op.
 
I think objective morality is very simple. Causing suffering, harm, fear, and anguish (and other synonyms) is wrong. Alleviating those things is right. That's all there is to it. Apply that rule to any situation. Adding more suffering to the world is bad, reducing the suffering in the world is good. Done.

The definition of objective means beyond human control or desire. It can have nothing to do with you, your feelings, your emotions or anything else, it has to exist out in the real world entirely separate from the human brain. Everything that you presented are things that are your opinion, hence subjective.
 
I think that makes it objective. It's not based on our conscious thoughts, it's based on our bodies and subconscious hardwiring. That doesn't vary based on one's ideas or beliefs.

Its objective in that there are certain instincts that we tend to be born with. We are born with a dislike of murder, but a like of killing. We are born with a dislike of stealing. We are predisposed to try to get along with our neighbors. So on and so forth.

At the same basic instincts are filtered through our experience and environment, the expression of that instinct can very sharply from person to person. By instinct we dislike murder, but each of us may define murder slightly differently, introducing subjectivity into it.
 
no. Unless you somehow believe that killing someone who is innocent unarmed, and not a threat is morally up to interpretation even when that qualifying statements is all that defines that circumstance. I believe that objectively killing in that instance will always be wrong when performed in that context. That is an objective moral statement.

So again my point is that because morality, that is objective, is also nuance and can vary depending on variables people believe it is subjective. But it's not, because depending on the circumstance the action will Always be wrong or Always be right in accordance to the context.

You need to go look up the word "objective". Here, I'll help you:

ob·jec·tive
əbˈjektiv/

adjective

(of a person or their judgment) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.
 
Well it is only because we view unjust killing, we call it murder, wrong that we don't have to walk down the street and worry about a high possibility of getting shanked. I guess what meant is that when someone kills someone because they are angry and want revenge or because it's fun to them they set a precedence for other like minded individuals, this is harmful to society, it is because such an act is condemned and punished harshly that it doesn't happen on a grand scale.

So whether or not something is harmful to society?

And who judges whether something is harmful to society? What's the basis for that decision?
If we start killing each other this is bad for all of us. That is an objective statment. Therefore unjust killing is morally wrong. Always.

Is it? It's certainly not good for those who are killed, but what about those who aren't? What about them?
 
If no one wants something to happen to them, then doing that thing to anyone is wrong. Right and wrong aren't etched into the stars. They're purely biological concepts. They only apply to living creatures that act upon each other and make decisions. The universe doesn't have to disapprove of something for it to be objectively wrong. Only the human race as a whole, regardless of one's ideas or opinions, does. And the human race basically agrees that being made to suffer is undesirable, and that causing suffering is morally wrong. Those who do anyway are, you know, immoral.

The fact that a majority, even a very large one, agrees with you doesn't mean that what you consider to be moral is objectively moral. At some points in human history, human sacrifice was considered to be a good thing by the majority.
 
So whether or not something is harmful to society?
Whether or not the action leads to a negative outcome - that can lead to more negative. I guess when we explore this facet we begin to discuss the chain reaction. Basically monkey see monkey do. So yeah society but also on an individual basis. I believe there is objectivity there and it's not solely opinion.

And who judges whether something is harmful to society? What's the basis for that decision?
Not who, but what. The what is the effect of the consequences of the said actions.


Is it? It's certainly not good for those who are killed, but what about those who aren't? What about them?
What about them? They kill someone. someone Will eventually kill them. It's chaotic circle. When compared to how we live now to how those said people would have to live, always looking of their backs, sleep with one eye open, we can see - objectively - that this life style is both safer and more comfortable.
 
You need to go look up the word "objective". Here, I'll help you:

ob·jec·tive
əbˈjektiv/

adjective

(of a person or their judgment) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

Exactly. And moral realists don't appeal to subjective opinions, but only to the object of the act.
 
You need to go look up the word "objective". Here, I'll help you:

ob·jec·tive
əbˈjektiv/

adjective

(of a person or their judgment) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

I don't believe anything I said is influenced entirely by feeling or opinion. I believe confidently that morality can be discerned through real world consequences of real world actions. How they effect an individual or individuals determine, objectively, whether it is morally wrong or morally right.

Playing the devil's advocate will allow you to shoot back at my every post with "well you may think that is wrong or right, but this person may not" and I believe, again. that it's not based on my opinion or theirs. It';s based on the real word effects of an action. And with honest and intellectual scrutiny we can discern good effect from bad.
 
Whether or not the action leads to a negative outcome - that can lead to more negative. I guess when we explore this facet we begin to discuss the chain reaction. Basically monkey see monkey do. So yeah society but also on an individual basis. I believe there is objectivity there and it's not solely opinion.

How do you determine if something is objectively negative?

You seem to be arguing in circles (ie if something is harmful, it is negative. If something is negative, it is harmful)



Not who, but what. The what is the effect of the consequences of the said actions.

And what is the basis for determining if those consequences are negative or harmful?




What about them? They kill someone. Will eventually kill them. It's chaotic circle. When compared to how we live now to how those said people would have to live, always looking of their backs, sleep with one eye open, we can see - objectively - that this life style is both safer and more comfortable.

No, someone will not eventually kill them. That is demonstrably false

There was a time when there were no prohibitions against killing others, and yet we weren't all murdered. Animals have no moral compunction against killing each other and they haven't all killed each other.

And sure, I think that I am safer and more comfortable living in a society which punishes murder for being wrong, but how does that show that murder is objectively immoral? All it shows is that it is in my self-interest.

I don't believe anything I said is influenced entirely by feeling or opinion. I believe confidently that morality can be discerned through real world consequences of real world actions. How they effect an individual or individuals determine, objectively, whether it is morally wrong or morally right.

Playing the devil's advocate will allow to shoot back at my every post with "well you may think that is wrong or right, but this person may not" and I believe, again. that it's not based on my opinion or theirs. It';s based on the real word effects of an action. And honest and intellectual scrutiny we can discern good effect from bad.

And on what basis are effects determined to be good or bad?

You've said something about being harmful to society, but can you prove that things which are harmful to society are "objectively bad"?
 
But you haven't shown that anything is objectively wrong. The closest you've come is to say that some acts "negatively impacts us all", which is not only subjective (as it depends on how one sees "negatively") but is also untrue.
The existence of objective morality can't be proved but it can't be disproved either. It's a matter of opinion.
 
The definition of objective means beyond human control or desire. It can have nothing to do with you, your feelings, your emotions or anything else, it has to exist out in the real world entirely separate from the human brain. Everything that you presented are things that are your opinion, hence subjective.

I don't think that's a very good definition at all. Nor do I see why you're claiming that the human brain exists outside of objective reality. It, like everything else, follows fundamental laws, including fundamental biological laws. The electrical currents in it operate in an objective manner. The cells in it operate in an objective manner. The linking of neurons operates in an objective manner. Even the formation of memories and associations operates in an objective manner. Pavlovian responses and conditioning, which are nothing but thoughts in our brains, can be programmed via objective techniques. The effects of various chemicals on the brain operate in predictable, objective, manners. Our brains are not somehow divorced from the rest of the universe. Nor are our bodies.

Nothing in your definition "beyond human control or desire" contradicts what I said, anyway. It's our biology, not our thoughts, that determine right and wrong.

Nor does this one:

(of a person or their judgment) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

It's not in our feelings or opinions. It's in our biology. It's in our cells, in our DNA, in our bodies.

But basically, your only point is that there is no such thing as right and wrong. And that's a useless assertion, since there clearly are. Don't try to be loftily philosophical. It just sounds dumb, and responding to things with "that's just your opinion" makes you sound like fundamentalists who think that angels exist because we can't prove that they don't. I know you're smarter than that.

The fact that a majority, even a very large one, agrees with you doesn't mean that what you consider to be moral is objectively moral. At some points in human history, human sacrifice was considered to be a good thing by the majority.

And the reasons they had for doing it were actually still within the framework I offered. Assuming that the Aztec priests who were carving out people's hearts were genuine (some of them probably were, but some were just evil people abusing power), then they actually thought that the sun would destroy the world if they didn't sacrifice people. Clearly that is an attempt to cause less suffering in the world, that only some die and not everyone. They were wrongheaded and stupid, but that still fits within the framework. In fact, every culture that I can think of that had human sacrifice did it to appease cruel gods.

But either way, while morality is objective, that doesn't mean that all people are moral or make moral choices. That right and wrong aren't up to opinion doesn't mean that a person can't still do the wrong thing. Or even a culture do the wrong thing. But it requires some overriding situation or reason to get over our biological aversion to pain, suffering, and destruction. It requires a callous class system to dehumanize people, religious brainwashing to demolish reasoning, or actual desensitization. It requires the intensity of the basic training experience to convince a person to kill in the name of something they rationally support and agree with (their country).

We know that hurting people is wrong. It's in our bones. It's in our blood. It's in our biology.

Its objective in that there are certain instincts that we tend to be born with. We are born with a dislike of murder, but a like of killing. We are born with a dislike of stealing. We are predisposed to try to get along with our neighbors. So on and so forth.

At the same basic instincts are filtered through our experience and environment, the expression of that instinct can very sharply from person to person. By instinct we dislike murder, but each of us may define murder slightly differently, introducing subjectivity into it.

So what is right and what is wrong are objective, but our reactions to that knowledge and the situations we face are subjective. That's fine. What a person does is not morality. What a person does is their actions. Whether or not they should have done that thing in the first place is morality.

That's the definition of objective morality.

No it's not. Rocks don't have morality. Stars don't have morality. Only living creatures do. Morality isn't writ large in the universe. It's writ tiny in our evolution.
 
How do you determine if something is objectively negative?
It depends. You want a answer to question that has a million responses. It's based off of the individual circumstance. Which is what I argued initially .
Why is it wrong for a wealthy man to steal a sandwich from a sleeping homeless man? Well for one the action leads to harm of the homeless man. He who already is hard pressed to find food. The wealthy man acted in way that not only has no real value to him, since food is surplus for him, but he has taken from someone for whom food is not surplus. This is a negative, because someone suffers needlessly. You could repeat this action within the same context and the homeless would always be the ones to suffer. this is objective. That is how I determined it for that scenario.

You seem to be arguing in circles (ie if something is harmful, it is negative. If something is negative, it is harmful)
I don't know how to answer some of you questions, i guess. But I also don't feel that your arguments are defeating mine.





And what is the basis for determining if those consequences are negative or harmful?
suffering.






No, someone will not eventually kill them. That is demonstrably false

There was a time when there were no prohibitions against killing others, and yet we weren't all murdered. Animals have no moral compunction against killing each other and they haven't all killed each other.
This is false. Animals do kill each other. Pack animals, social animals however, have their own ethics that they follow like us. Pack of wolves, pack of lions, there is a code of conduct there that must be followed or be punished.

And sure, I think that I am safer and more comfortable living in a society which punishes murder for being wrong, but how does that show that murder is objectively immoral? All it shows is that it is in my self-interest.

I think I already answered this by suggesting that murder unchecked would threaten us all. You believe however that if murder was not against the law that we wouldn't necessarily be in any more or less danger. I disagree entirely. I'm sure people have made you so mad that you wanted to, well for a lack of better words, kill them. Push them down a flight of stairs. Imagine a world where we emotional irate creatures did not regulate murder, how would most arguments end. Even before law enforcement at our most primitive existence there was a form of regulation. And yeah you can see this in animals other than humans. So there you go.
 
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So what is right and what is wrong are objective, but our reactions to that knowledge and the situations we face are subjective. That's fine. What a person does is not morality. What a person does is their actions. Whether or not they should have done that thing in the first place is morality.

Yes and no. We have a base sentiment, murder is wrong. However, nature probably defines murder as something like "killing a person your not angry with will cause emotional pain" and then the rest is environment. We then take that natural desire to not have emotional pain and to create emotional pleasure and call it morality.
 
And on what basis are effects determined to be good or bad?

You've said something about being harmful to society, but can you prove that things which are harmful to society are "objectively bad"?

Will if good means we live in harmony and don't die of violence towards each other and bad is the exact opposite. Then yes there is foundation for objectivity there. And your pushing of this point has made me remember that we do see this in animal outside of our own species.
 
It depends. You want a answer to question that has a million responses. It's based off of the individual circumstance. Which is what I argued initially .
Why is it wrong for a wealthy man to steal a sandwich from a sleeping homeless man? Well for one the action leads to harm of the homeless man. He who already is hard pressed to find food. The wealthy man acted in way that not only has no real value to him, since food is surplus for him, but he has taken from someone for whom food is not surplus. This is a negative, because someone suffers needlessly. You could repeat this action within the same context and the homeless would always be the ones to suffer. this is objective. That is how I determined it for that scenario.

I did not ask you to answer every moral question. All I asked for was for you to explain the basis on which things are judged to be objectively good and bad

And you keep saying things like "someone suffers" or "it harms society" as if those were undeniably bad. So I'll ask again, on what basis is "someone suffers" or "harms society" judged to be bad?



I don't know how to answer some of you questions, i guess. But I also don't feel that your arguments are defeating mine.

Which is an indication (but not proof) that you can't answer them

suffering.

Can you prove that suffering is objectively immoral?


This is false. Animals do kill each other. Pack animals, social animals however, have their own ethics that they follow like us. Pack of wolves, pack of lions, there is a code of conduct there that must be followed or be punished.

You are wrong about that. I have done a lot of studying of pack animals. They do not have a code of conduct. They kill each other.



I think I already answered this by suggesting that murder unchecked would threaten us all. You believe however that if murder was not against the law that we wouldn't necessarily be in any more or less danger. I disagree entirely. I'm sure people have made you so mad that you wanted to, well for a lack of better words, kill them. Push them down a flight of stairs. Imagine a world where we emotional irate creatures did not regulate murder, how would most arguments end. Even before law enforcement at our most primitive existence there was a form of regulation. And yeah you can see this in animals other than humans. So there you go.

And on what basis do you say that "threaten us all" is objectively immoral? What makes us such a gift to the universe that causing us to suffer or be harmed can be considered "objectively immoral"?

If you look at how we've treated the planet, and the other creatures that inhabit it, it could be argued that our elimination would be a good thing
 
Will if good means we live in harmony and don't die of violence towards each other and bad is the exact opposite. Then yes there is foundation for objectivity there.

And how can you prove that it is objectively good that we live in harmony and don't die of violence? On what basis do you show that is objectively good?
 
I don't believe anything I said is influenced entirely by feeling or opinion. I believe confidently that morality can be discerned through real world consequences of real world actions. How they effect an individual or individuals determine, objectively, whether it is morally wrong or morally right.

You are asserting that morality has to meet certain criteria, criteria that you subjectively determine. That's not objective.

Playing the devil's advocate will allow you to shoot back at my every post with "well you may think that is wrong or right, but this person may not" and I believe, again. that it's not based on my opinion or theirs. It';s based on the real word effects of an action. And with honest and intellectual scrutiny we can discern good effect from bad.

No, society makes those determinations what is acceptable and not acceptable within a particular social context. That's not objective, it's subjective.

You have no clue what you're talking about.
 
Which is an indication (but not proof) that you can't answer them
No it's more indication that this is an argument that I have entirely formed in my head without spending much time actually studying the topic. And I gungholey made this topic in a forum full of well read users. I'm not counting my self out by any means but I can admit that I may not be articulate enough to argue my points successfully.

You are wrong about that. I have done a lot of studying of pack animals. They do not have a code of conduct. They kill each other.
I don't believe I am. I'm pretty sure wolves, lions, gorillas, and other pack animals have a strict hierarchy. In this understanding the individuals within these packs make decision within the confines of the pack rules. Usually when a member of a pack is killed or exiled it is because the member has done something or is unfortunately the victim of circumstances that the pack believes is out of line.

A wounded lioness may be eaten because she is weak and worthless, and will otherwise serve no purpose for the pack. Etc. Etc.

I did not ask you to answer every moral question. All I asked for was for you to explain the basis on which things are judged to be objectively good and bad

And you keep saying things like "someone suffers" or "it harms society" as if those were undeniably bad. So I'll ask again, on what basis is "someone suffers" or "harms society" judged to be bad?

Can you prove that suffering is objectively immoral?


And on what basis do you say that "threaten us all" is objectively immoral? What makes us such a gift to the universe that causing us to suffer or be harmed can be considered "objectively immoral"?

If you look at how we've treated the planet, and the other creatures that inhabit it, it could be argued that our elimination would be a good thing

And how can you prove that it is objectively good that we live in harmony and don't die of violence? On what basis do you show that is objectively good?

I don't approach morality from such an abstract perspective. My understanding of how to discern morality is more, I don't know, scientific in my approach?
If the point of life, scientifically, is to survive and live - then morals help keep us in line with that. Morals govern a very complex system of human behavior. What may at first glance seem small and trivial, such as stealing from on homeless man, can set a dangerous precedence that can create disharmony and thus chaos. It also puts the perpetrator in a worse of position in the eyes of others. The more unruly and cruel one seems the more alienated and rejected he becomes. This in turn makes life harder for that individual.

This is objectively wrong because it usurps the goal to survive in peacefully with as little danger as possible. Morality it's most primal purpose is to keep us all alive. the objectivity stems from that.
 
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