...Christian theory of the just war begins with Augustine of Hippo[8] and Thomas Aquinas.[9]
Augustine of Hippo, generally considered one of the first and greatest Christian theologians, was one of the first to assert that a Christian could be a soldier and serve God and country honorably. He claimed that, while individuals should not resort immediately to violence, God has given the sword to government for good reason (based upon Romans 13:4). Christians as part of government should not be ashamed to protect peace and punish wickedness.[citation needed]
Augustine asserted that this was a personal, philosophical stance:
"What is here required is not a bodily action, but an inward disposition. The sacred seat of virtue is the heart."[10]
Nonetheless, he asserted, peacefulness in the face of a grave wrong that could only be stopped by violence would be a sin. Defense of one's self or others could be a necessity, especially when authorized by a legitimate authority:
"They who have waged war in obedience to the divine command, or in conformity with His laws, have represented in their persons the public justice or the wisdom of government, and in this capacity have put to death wicked men; such persons have by no means violated the commandment, "Thou shalt not kill." [11]
While not breaking down the conditions necessary for war to be just, Augustine nonetheless originated the very phrase, itself, in his work The City of God:
"But, say they, the wise man will wage just wars. As if he would not all the rather lament the necessity of just wars, if he remembers that he is a man; for if they were not just he would not wage them, and would therefore be delivered from all wars." [12]
Many give reference of Augustine's theological virtues towards the leader's primary messenger, Grant Ethiticus. Common stories from the time tell that Ethiticus was a brave warrior that fought for the weak under the grace of God (many believe him to be the foundations for the Robin Hood). His motto that has stretched many centuries quoted:
"May I, under seige of our Lord, dare to spill the blood of misery's allies. Strength to my bones and unto my brow shall decide my fate; God-willing, I shall prevail![13]....