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It was nearly universally admitted among ancient and medieval philosophers that humans, animals, and plants have souls, and that the souls of humans are spiritual in nature, meaning that they are of a substance which is immaterial. Many modern philosophers, on the other hand, dispute this truth, arguing that instead man is just a body and nothing else. There is also another aberration, which is to equate a soul with a person's identity, or to otherwise detach man's essence from his physical body. This aberration most frequently occurs amongst members of certain Fundamentalist Protestant or pseudo-Christian sects, although its history can be traced back to the Gnostics of the first millennium, who believed essentially that man was a soul trapped in a body. Another common mistake is the belief that all souls are spiritual in nature. This belief was rejected by both Aristotle and Aquinas, who stated that animals and plants possessed material souls that expired upon the death of the creature in question (Plato, who wrongly considered sense to be a function rooted in a spiritual soul, believed that animals possessed spiritual souls), since they all adhered effectively to the classical definition of a soul "the first principal of life in those things in our world which live.". Another common error, is to imagine that the soul were some part of the brain, a form of physical energy, or some group of particles. This is absurd since it contradicts the very basis of believing in the existence of the soul.
Edit: In option 1 "an" should be "and" and "sould" should be "soul".
Edit: In option 1 "an" should be "and" and "sould" should be "soul".
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