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Not completely different. What they have in common is the use of highly accurate fire to engage and destroy specific point targets, usually of high value to the enemy. Both are expected to deliver fire that is far more accurate at greater ranges than a rifleman.
The designated marksman is one of the squad's/platoon's counter-sniper assets. His accuracy needs to be above average.
I'm not sure that's correct.
By "highly accurate fire" you mean they hit man sized targets that they aim at. However they don't have to be of particular high value.
A sniper may just be taking out enemy soldiers to slow an advance - yes he will look for officers/leaders and radio operators but not exactly high value.
The sharp shooter(s) is really there to increase the range of the section/squad. So if a patrol comes across an enemy say 500+ meters away, it might be out of the range of the 5.56mm rifles. Desert and mountainous terrain usually see fire fights at greater ranges.
The sharpshooter isn't looking for high value targets as such, just any enemy he can see that's firing as his section/squad.