April 20, 2018
Remotely piloted aircraft and their technology and capabilities were, like many advances, pioneered and perfected in the United States. Americans thought creatively and innovated their way to capabilities that delivered unique, asymmetric advantages in the modern battle-space. Unfortunately, bad actors stole our technology, replicated it, and are selling it abroad. An international agreement signed in 1987 that never conceived of remotely piloted aircraft, or RPAs, leaves our industry hamstrung and hemorrhaging its once-dominant market share. Thirty-five countries joined that agreement, called the Missile Technology Control Regime, seeking to slow the proliferation of ballistic and cruise missile technologies. And indeed, the MTCR has helped regulate missile technology and slow its spread to the worst international actors. The problem is its overly broad definition of “cruise missile,” which encompasses today’s advanced RPAs. This mis-definition sets inappropriate and damaging limitations on the export of RPAs, hindering U.S. firms’ market access and growth in key manufacturing sectors. By limiting potential revenue streams, the regime limits U.S. investment in next-generation military and commercial applications, and in so doing, threatens our leadership in military RPA technology. Abiding by the regime also cedes international market share to others not necessarily aligned with U.S. interests. On Thursday, the Administration released a National Security Presidential Memorandum that directs updates to the U.S. Conventional Arms Transfer Policy along with the Policy on the Export of Unmanned Aerial Systems to help preserve U.S. national security priorities and outpace the competition.
These updates seek to ease restrictions on exporting less-lethal RPAs and systems used for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance on two-way missions. Separately, the Administration also plans to seek adjustments to the MTCR itself. Both efforts would maintain the intent of MTCR yet still support the national defense innovation base. But while the proposed policy adjustments are a step in the right direction, more can be done. Though the United States reigns supreme in military RPA technology today, current MTCR-based export restrictions limit potential revenue streams U.S. companies could use to re-invest in future research and development programs. They also cede international market share to others not necessarily aligned with U.S. interests. We have reentered a time of great-power competition as China and Russia vie for advantage through all the elements of national power — diplomatic, informational, military, and economic. As a former commander of Air Combat Command, I assess our competitors will happily supply our potential partners, and even some allies, with the RPA capabilities we restrict ourselves from exporting. This would not only limit the benefits to our industries but also reduce interoperability to jointly deter or defeat our adversaries. We must consider our national security priorities and craft thoughtful RPA restrictions to reflect America’s wider interests. Otherwise, the United States is looking at a future of playing economical, technological and military catch-up.
