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With respect, the F-35 - cost about $25 billion to develop (I remember reading - I could be wrong...but it was WAAY up there) - before they sold one plane. The Pentagon did not just eat that. The Pentagon does not have that kind of money lying around. And that is not including the huge dough to develop the F-23. The Pentagon does not pay for development costs to private firms on weapons systems that have not yet been produced - except in token amounts. If that were the case, than the private firms could spend ANYTHING they wanted to develop the weapon and just bill the government. That is not free enterprise anymore...that is more like communism.
The private firm takes a chance, develops the plane and if they sell 'em...they make the development costs back. If they don't - they are out of luck.
That is why the F-22 and B-2 bomber costs skyrocketed when they drastically lowered the number the Pentagon bought.
Originally, the Air Force wanted 132 B-2's and around 750 F-22's. Eventually, they bought only 20 and 187, respectively. And since Congress would not let the companies sell those planes to other countries..that was it. They had to spread the MASSIVE development costs on both weapons systems over FAR less airframes (the B-2 was a bit different because it was developed in secret).
That is primarily why they mushroomed in cost.
Now it is somewhat different for the F-35 as Congress is allowing them to be sold abroad.
But America is by miles the largest purchaser. SO if they cut back procurement drastically, than the price will skyrocket.
I will put it simpler.
If the Pentagon ate all the development costs when a company enters a weapons competition...than everyone and his brother would enter the competition.
Where is the risk?
IF ALL of their development costs are going to be paid for - whether they win the contract or not...than there is nothing whatsoever to lose from trying. Yet, only 2 companies entered the F-22 program. And even those were conglomerates of several companies due to the huge risk and enormous costs involved.
Because the others knew that if they did not win that they would have to eat most of the development costs (the Pentagon pays a token amount I think to the developers). That is a huge risk.
Ah think you are wrong. Very wrong. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter_program The companies responded with proposals and then were awarded with contracts to develop the planes. Boeing and Lockheed won the proposals. McDonnell Douglas and Northrup Grumman were the other two that submitted proposals. So Lockheed and Boeing both got paid to do the development on the program.