Asteroid that killed dinosaurs also intensified volcanic eruptions - study

http://www.theguardian.com/science/...urs-also-intensified-volcanic-eruptions-study

The asteroid that slammed into Earth and heralded the doom of the dinosaurs triggered a surge in volcanic eruptions that made the catastrophe even worse, researchers claim. Scientists analysed prehistoric lava flows in India and found that soon after the massive impact, volcanic eruptions became twice as intense, throwing out a deadly cocktail of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide. The shockwaves produced when the space rock thumped into Earth likely shook up volcanic plumbing systems around the world, creating larger magma chambers that spewed out more material when they erupted. Combined with the hefty impact, the increase in volcanic activity would have pumped enough dust and noxious fumes into the atmosphere to blanket the Earth and drive many species to extinction.

Anomalism said:

Asteroid that killed dinosaurs also intensified volcanic eruptions - study | Science | The Guardian

The asteroid that slammed into Earth and heralded the doom of the dinosaurs triggered a surge in volcanic eruptions that made the catastrophe even worse, researchers claim. Scientists analysed prehistoric lava flows in India and found that soon after the massive impact, volcanic eruptions became twice as intense, throwing out a deadly cocktail of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide. The shockwaves produced when the space rock thumped into Earth likely shook up volcanic plumbing systems around the world, creating larger magma chambers that spewed out more material when they erupted. Combined with the hefty impact, the increase in volcanic activity would have pumped enough dust and noxious fumes into the atmosphere to blanket the Earth and drive many species to extinction.

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Idk if this is really news... I've heard many that have hypothesized this before.

Maybe not recognizing that one might have cause the other instead of coincidentally high volcanic activity.... but I'm pretty sure.

The big Asteroid that hit Earth the last previous time, was 250 Million Years ago, and hit Antarctica. Created big volcanos in Siberia,


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkes_Land_crater


"The Wilkes Land mass concentration (or mascon) is centered at

70°S 120°ECoordinates: 70°S 120°E and was first reported at a conference in May 2006 by a team of researchers led by Ralph von Frese and Laramie Potts of Ohio State University.[5][6]

The team used gravity measurements by NASA's GRACE satellites to identify a 300 km (190 mi) wide mass concentration and noted that this mass anomaly is centered within a larger ring-like structure visible in radar images of the land surface beneath the Antarctic ice cap. This combination suggested to them that the feature may mark the site of a 480 km (300 mi) wide impact crater buried beneath the ice and more than 2.5 times larger than the 180 km (110 mi) Chicxulub crater."


"These researchers therefore speculate that the putative impact and associated crater may have contributed to this separation by weakening the crust at this location. These bracketing dates also make it possible that the site could be associated with the Permian–Triassic extinction event.[6] The Permian–Triassic extinction occurred 250 million years ago, and is believed to be the largest extinction event since the origin of complex multicellular life."


"This massive eruptive event spanned the Permian-Triassic boundary, about 250 million years ago, and is cited as a possible cause of the Permian-Triassic extinction event.[2][7] One of the major questions is whether the Siberian Traps was directly responsible, or if it was itself caused by some other larger event, such as an asteroid impact. A recent hypothesis put forward is that the volcanism was a trigger that led to an explosion of the growth of Methanosarcina, a microbe that then spewed enormous amounts of methane into Earth's atmosphere.[8]"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_Traps




Giant Crater Found: Tied to Worst Mass Extinction Ever



183 Views


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This also describes the extinction of Marine life at 250 Million Years ago:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian–Triassic_extinction_event


"The Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) extinction event, colloquially known as the Great Dying, the End Permian or the Great Permian Extinction,[2][3] occurred about 252 Ma (million years) ago,[4] forming the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. It is the Earth's most severe known extinction event, with up to 96% of all marine species[5][6] and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species becoming extinct.[7] It is the only known mass extinction of insects.[8][9] Some 57% of all families and 83% of all genera became extinct. Because so much biodiversity was lost, the recovery of life on Earth took significantly longer than after any other extinction event,[5] possibly up to 10 million years.[10]

There is evidence for between one and three distinct pulses, or phases, of extinction.[7][11][12][13] Suggested mechanisms for the latter include one or more large bolide impact events, massive volcanism, coal or gas fires and explosions from the Siberian Traps,[14] and a runaway greenhouse effect triggered by sudden release of methane from the sea floor due to methane clathrate dissociation or methane-producing microbes known as methanogens;[15] possible contributing gradual changes include sea-level change, increasing anoxia, increasing aridity, and a shift in ocean circulation driven by climate change."


I can't find a good quote that the impact of the asteroid at Wilkes, created volcanoes out the other side of the Earth in Siberia, at the exact same time, and causally. Seems like a real historical event.

Wilkes was thought to be level ground in Antarctica before 2005, so no history books could have taught that to many people living today, who consider themselves educated.









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Who were ur ancestors 50 and 250 Million years ago, when big meteors struck the earth and disrupted the ecosystems?

What hardships did hey face? How did he succeed in dealing with the challenges? What failed?

What would a movie look like for a re-enactment of Wilkes with our human ancestors?



256 Million Years Ago:

"Shortly after the appearance of the first reptiles, two branches split off. One branch is the Sauropsids, from which come the modern reptiles and birds. The other branch is Synapsida, from which come modern mammals. Both had temporal fenestrae, a pair of holes in their skulls behind the eyes, which were used to increase the space for jaw muscles. Synapsids had one opening on each side, while diapsids had two.
The earliest mammal-like reptiles are the pelycosaurs. The pelycosaurs were the first animals to have temporal fenestrae. Pelycosaurs are not therapsids but soon they gave rise to them. The Therapsida were the direct ancestor of mammals.

The therapsids have temporal fenestrae larger and more mammal-like than pelycosaurs, their teeth show more serial differentiation, and later forms had evolved a secondary palate. A secondary palate enables the animal to eat and breathe at the same time and is a sign of a more active, perhaps warm-blooded, way of life.[14]"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution

63 Million Years Ago,
"Primates diverge into suborders Strepsirrhini (wet-nosed primates) and Haplorrhini (dry-nosed primates). Strepsirrhini contain most of the prosimians; modern examples include the lemurs and lorises. The haplorrhines include the three living groups: prosimian tarsiers, simian monkeys, and apes. One of the earliest haplorrhines is Teilhardina asiatica, a mouse-sized, diurnal creature with small eyes. The Haplorrhini metabolism lost the ability to make its own Vitamin C. This means that it and all its descendants had to include fruit in its diet, where Vitamin C could be obtained externally."

For Wilkes, our ancestors were before primates, four legs the size of pigs.



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The Yukatan crater:

"Chicxulub crater (pronunciation: /ˈtʃiːkʃᵿluːb/; Mayan: [tʃʼikʃuluɓ]) is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.[2] Its center is located near the town of Chicxulub, after which the crater is named.[3] The date of the Chicxulub impactor, which created it, coincides precisely with the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–Pg boundary), around 66 million years ago.[4] The crater is more than 180 kilometers (110 miles) in diameter and 20 km (12 mi) in depth, well into the continental crust of the region of about 10-30 km depth. It makes the feature the third of the largest confirmed impact structures on Earth; the impacting bolide that formed the crater was at least 10 km (6 mi) in diameter.

The crater was discovered by Antonio Camargo and Glen Penfield, geophysicists who had been looking for petroleum in the Yucatán during the late 1970s. Penfield was initially unable to obtain evidence that the geological feature was a crater, and gave up his search. Later, through contact with Alan Hildebrand in 1990, Penfield obtained samples that suggested it was an impact feature. Evidence for the impact origin of the crater includes shocked quartz,[5] a gravity anomaly, and tektites in surrounding areas."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicxulub_crater



I am still trying to form images of the effects of the craters on our ancestors.


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I am having trouble finding Triassic Man. What did human ancestors look like 250 to200 million Years ago?

Before mammals, human Ancestors were hatched from eggs. Tetrapds, four legged creatures,



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"One sub-group of therapsids, the cynodonts, evolved more mammal-like characteristics.

The jaws of cynodonts resemble modern mammal jaws. It is very likely that this group of animals contains a species which is the direct ancestor of all modern mammals.[15]"

"From Eucynodontia (cynodonts) came the first mammals. Most early mammals were small shrew-like animals that fed on insects. Although there is no evidence in the fossil record, it is likely that these animals had a constant body temperature and milk glands for their young. The neocortex region of the brain first evolved in mammals and thus is unique to them."




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution


Early Triassic Human ancestors looked like pigs, and ate grass. Later Triassic, early first mammals, looked like rats.


Not what I was taught in school.


"The term "cynodont" refers to a broad group of extinct mammal-like reptiles, the Cynodontia. These include the direct ancestors of mammals. In the Petrified Forest, Arizona area only two molar teeth of a large cynodont have ever been found. This animal has been modelled on fossils of another cynodont found in South Africa called Thrinaxodon (thrin-AX-oh-don).

Thrinaxodon lived a little earlier and was about the size of a cat. The teeth from the Petrified Forest were similar to Thrinaxodon's but suggested a much larger animal. Thrinaxodon's teeth were varied with canines, incisors and molars which are mammalian features. Small holes in the bone of the snout suggest whiskers. The presence of whiskers implies body hair and suggests cynodont was warm blooded.

Being half reptile and half mammal the cynodonts represent the missing link between these two groups. The cynodont and Placerias were distant relatives but the cynodont was more mammal-like."


Walking with Dinosaurs - Fact File: Cynodont

" cynodonts that many things typical of mammals arose: their jaw structure, the hammer, anvil and stirrup bones of their inner ear, and - the secret of their success - their efficient chewing teeth. Things which don't fossilise so easily, such as warm-bloodedness, furry bodies and milk production also probably arose in the pre-mammalian cynodonts. They were most likely to have been nocturnal, as the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing - useful senses in the dark - were enlarged"

BBC Nature - Cynodonts videos, news and facts


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There were several lines of mammals that survived the 65 MYA Yucatan Meteor and subsequent extinction of the Dinosaurs.

The line of humans is thought to have been carried by a 2 pound, Lemur-like primate. Some say it lived I trees, some say it was a burrowing, ground dweller, which helped survive the Yucatan meteor Strike.


https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/04/020418073440.htm


But there is vey little solid evidence of the exact nature of the actual line of human ancestors during the 65 MYA period.

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Cable TV, History of Aliens,


10,000 years ago, there was a disturbance of some kind, that ended a 90,000 year ice age.


There were some caves in Turkey, and 300 miles away thee was a ritual temple with T Stones.



TEMPLE

"Göbekli Tepe: The tell includes two phases of use believed to be of a social or ritual nature dating back to the 10th–8th millennium BCE. During the first phase, belonging to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA), circles of massive T-shaped stone pillars were erected – the world's oldest known megaliths.[4] More than 200 pillars in about 20 circles are currently known through geophysical surveys. Each pillar has a height of up to 6 m (20 ft) and weighs up to 20 tons. They are fitted into sockets that were hewn out of the bedrock.[5] In the second phase, belonging to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB), the erected pillars are smaller and stood in rectangular rooms with floors of polished lime. The site was abandoned after the PPNB. Younger structures date to classical times."



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Göbekli_Tepe



CAVE CITY

"Derinkuyu underground city (Cappadocian Greek: Μαλακοπή) is an ancient multi-level underground city in the Derinkuyu district in Nevşehir Province, Turkey. Extending to a depth of approximately 60 m (200 feet), it is large enough to have sheltered as many as 20,000 people together with their livestock and food stores. It is the largest excavated underground city in Turkey and is one of several underground complexes found across Cappadocia.

It was opened to visitors in 1969 and about half of the underground city is currently accessible to tourists.

"Caves may have been built initially in the soft volcanic rock of the Cappadocia region by the Phrygians, an Indo-European people, in the 8th–7th centuries BCE, according to the Turkish Department of Culture.[2][dead link] When the Phrygian language died out in Roman times, replaced with its close relative,[3] the Greek language,[4] the inhabitants, now Christian, expanded their underground caverns adding the chapels and Greek inscriptions."


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derinkuyu_underground_city


The time the cave city was constructed was suggested by the program, to be closer to 10,000 years ago, at the end of an ice age, coinciding with the construction of Göbekli Tepe.


END OF ICE AGE

"Scientists from the Center for Arctic Gas Hydrate (CAGE), Environment and Climate at the Arctic University of Norway, published a study in June 2017,[29] describing over a hundred ocean sediment craters, some 3,000 meters wide and up to 300 meters deep, formed by explosive eruptions of methane from destabilized methane hydrates, following ice-sheet retreat during the last glacial period, around 12,000 years ago. These areas around the Barents Sea still seep methane today. The study hypothesized that existing bulges containing methane reservoirs could eventually have the same fate.

"Würm glaciation (Alps)[edit]

Main article: Würm glaciation





Extent of Alpine glaciation during the Würm ice age. Blue: extent of the early ice ages:
The term Würm is derived from a river in the Alpine foreland, approximately marking the maximum glacier advance of this particular glacial period. The Alps were where the first systematic scientific research on ice ages was conducted by Louis Agassiz at the beginning of the 19th century. Here the Würm glaciation of the last glacial period was intensively studied. Pollen analysis, the statistical analyses of microfossilized plant pollens found in geological deposits, chronicled the dramatic changes in the European environment during the Würm glaciation. During the height of Würm glaciation, c. 24,000 – c. 10,000 BP, most of western and central Europe and Eurasia was open steppe-tundra, while the Alps presented solid ice fields and montane glaciers. Scandinavia and much of Britain were under ice"



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_glacial_period




The program also suggested a vortex in the snow, large enough for an airplane to enter, near the area of the strong magnetic field in Antarctica, near the Wilkes crater. Retired military source was quoted, seeing shiny small flying saucers,





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Therefore aliens?

zyzygy said:

Therefore aliens?

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The theme of the History of Aliens program was to present evidence of Aliens on Earth.


My interest was in the 10 to 15,000 years ago period, because that time period was omitted from my history books, years ago, when I went to school.


"15,000–14,700 years ago (13,000 BC to 12,700 BC): Earliest supposed date for the domestication of the pig.
14,800 years ago: The Humid Period begins in North Africa. The region that would later become the Sahara is wet and fertile, and the aquifers are full.[29]
13,000–10,000 years ago: Late Glacial Maximum, end of the Last glacial period, climate warms, glaciers recede.
13,000 years ago (11,000 BC): A major outbreak occurs on Lake Agassiz, which at the time could have been the size of the current Black Sea and the largest lake on Earth. Much of the lake is drained in the Arctic Ocean through the Mackenzie River.
13,000–11,000 years ago (11,000 BC to 9,000 BC): Earliest dates suggested for the domestication of the sheep.
12,000 years ago: Jericho has evidence of settlement dating back to 10,000 BC. Jericho was a popular camping ground for Natufian hunter-gatherer groups, who left a scattering of crescent microlith tools behind them.[30]
12,000 years ago (10,000 BC): Earliest dates suggested for the domestication of the goat.
12,000 years ago (10,000 BC): Land ice leaves Denmark and southern Sweden; start of the current Holocene epoch.
11,000 years ago (9,000 BC): Earliest date recorded for construction of temenoi ceremonial structures at Göbekli Tepe in southern Turkey, as possibly the oldest surviving proto-religious site on Earth.[31]
11,000 years ago (9,000 BC): Emergence of Jericho, which is now one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Giant short-faced bears and giant ground sloths go extinct. Equidae goes extinct in North America.
10,500 years ago (8,500 BC): Earliest supposed date for the domestication of cattle.
10,000 years ago (8,000 BC): The Quaternary extinction event, which has been ongoing since the mid-Pleistocene, concludes. Many of the ice age megafauna go extinct, including the megatherium, woolly rhinoceros, Irish elk, cave bear, cave lion, and the last of the sabre-toothed cats. The mammoth goes extinct in Eurasia and North America, but is preserved in small island populations until ~1650 BC.

Neolithic[edit]

Main articles: Neolithic and Neolithic Revolution
11,000 – 9,000 years ago: Byblos appears to have been settled during the PPNB period, approximately 8800 to 7000 BC. Neolithic remains of some buildings can be observed at the site.[32][33]
10,000 – 8,000 years ago (8000 BC to 6000 BC): The post-glacial sea level rise decelerates, slowing the submersion of landmasses that had taken place over the previous 10,000 years.

10,000 – 9000 years ago (8000 BC to 7000 BC): In northern Mesopotamia, now northern Iraq, cultivation of barley and wheat begins. At first they are used for beer, gruel, and soup, eventually for bread.[34] In early agriculture at this time, the planting stick is used, but it is replaced by a primitive plow in subsequent centuries.[35] Around this time, a round stone tower, now preserved to about 8.5 meters high and 8.5 meters in diameter is built in Jericho.[36]

9,500–5,900 years ago: Neolithic Subpluvial in North Africa. The Sahara desert region supports a savanna-like environment. Lake Chad is larger than the current Caspian Sea. An African culture develops across the current Sahel region.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_prehistory





"Jericho is considered one of the oldest cities in the world. It was a mighty fenced city in the midst of a vast grove of palm trees, in the plain of Jordan, six miles north of the Dead Sea. Jericho is also known as "The Date City" or "The City of Palm Trees" because no matter whether you walk or drive through the desert, you inevitably come across its beautiful fertile green oasis and wonderful fragrance...


"Jericho is thought to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, dating back nearly 10,000 years. Located beyond the northern portion of the Dead Sea (one of the lowest place on Earth), Jericho is also about the lowest city on earth. It is nearly 800 feet below sea level. The mountains between Jericho and Jerusalem, capture water far above Jericho, and then carry the water through an underground spring called the 'Ein es-Sultan or Elisha's Fountain. The fresh water then spews out in this desert oasis and is used for irrigation. Even though the surrounding plains are nearly waste and desolate, the abundance of fresh water from this spring, makes the soil of Jericho unsurpassed in fertility. The city was celebrated for the numerous palm trees that adorned its landscapes. All these factors made Jericho a rich and flourishing town having considerable trade."

Jericho - Overview





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So super advanced aliens come here and start pig farms and build in stone? How did they find us in this vast universe? The "documentary" is a joke.

zyzygy said:

So super advanced aliens come here and start pig farms and build in stone? How did they find us in this vast universe? The "documentary" is a joke.

Click to expand...

The idea of UFO's and Extra Terrestrials, can be discussed in Conspiracy Theories. I started a new thread, because I did not see a Conspiracy thread devoted to Antarctica.

Conspiracy Thread Link, with cite to an article:

https://www.debatepolitics.com/conspiracy-theories/296619-ufos-based-antarctica.html#post1067636683




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Gladiator said:

The idea of UFO's and Extra Terrestrials, can be discussed in Conspiracy Theories. I started a new thread, because I did not see a Conspiracy thread devoted to Antarctica.

Conspiracy Thread Link, with cite to an article:

https://www.debatepolitics.com/conspiracy-theories/296619-ufos-based-antarctica.html#post1067636683




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The article is a fantasy. Cheers, have a good one.