lots of those problem you mention start in the nursing home.
Actually no. Think about it. Patients now come to the nursing homes.. AFTER problems develop. Nursing home care doesn't occur before you decline.. not generally.
Now.. back decades ago? Yes. It was not uncommon to see a elderly man that is basically functional..but needs help supervising his medications and making sure he eats three times a day in a nursing home.
That ended with assisted livings and home health. Now that guy stays at home with home care.. which means that he basically sits in his chair, and watches TV.. while an aide comes in to check his meds.. and there is an aide to help fix two meals a day. After a year of that..he now has declined where he needs assistance to get out of his chair. He still is at home with the aides who now get him to his chair.. and then have to come in to change his attends (because he can't get to the bathroom on his own).. or toilet him if he is able to hold it.
When he gets chronic uti's and it throws off his metabolics, and he gets weak,.. and can't go back home.. he ends up in an assisted living. Where he ends up sitting most of the day in his chair. Or in bed. The aides to toilet him or change him more than he was before. He might get some socialization if they take him down to the dining room for meals. But physically.. he is in decline. Mentally he is in decline.
Then..he can't walk anymore.. can't stand.. has a fall with the aides and breaks a hip..and ends up after the hospital into a nursing home.
Now.. the guy has hip and knee contractures.. making it difficult for him to stand. He has had chronic incontinence for years. He has pressure sores from the assisted living
He has malnutrition from lack of dentation and lack of nutritional plans. He has general muscle weakness from debility (not moving around). He has dementia made worse from lack of activity or mental stimulation.
And now he is in the nursing home. Now.. under medicare and Medicaid law... as a certified facility.
1. They have to evaluate and come up with a plan to address his contractures. Usually requiring therapy.. possible expensive splinting... and a continued nursing rehabilitation plan after therapy is done.
2. They have to evaluate and come up with a bladder retraining and toileting plan. and if their plan includes a Foley Catheter? The facility gets dinged for having a catheter instead of a toileting plan.
3. They have to come up with a nutritional plan.. enhanced meals.. etc.. and have him evaluated by the dietician. Usually means weights are done to make sure he doesn't have weight loss etc. It may mean speech therapy for swallow..or occupational therapy for self feeding training..and then continued nursing rehab to have him help feed himself . The nursing home gets dinged if they feed him or worse.. have him on a peg tube.
4. They have to have a plan for his dementia. They have to have an activities plan for him to stimulate his brain.. they have to have a behavioral plan to deal with him trying to get out of bed in the middle of the night and falling. Put up the siderails you say..like the hospital and the assisted living? Au contraire mon frere. In a nursing home, that's considered being "restrained"..and as such is a no no and a potential citation. So.. you have to come up with bed alarms... therapy intervention etc... to try to keep him safe. If you put up the bedrails to prevent him falling out.. its a citation. If he falls out of bed.. its a citation.
5. You have to have a plan for his general debility. He has to have evaluations by the resident PT. And at a minimum a nursing rehabilitation plan in place.
NOW..none of those problems originated in the nursing home. And none of those interventions.. are required under assisted livings or group homes.. or even hospitals by the state.
But now its the responsibility of the nursing home.. and anything that the state doesn't like.. is a citation.
And the headline is "nursing home cited for failure to provide care". Even though the contractures they get dinged for..started in the home with home care.