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LOL You make a bid for more progressive taxation and at the same time defend and support the Red States lack of taxation of their wealthy residents. The fact is even Red States have wealthy residents who are benefiting from low taxation and the resulting increased Federal subsidies paid for by high tax States.
Looks like you're trying to ignore stark demographic and economic differences between these red and blue places. If the Federal Government just simply made up the difference between what states were willing to tax versus what they *should tax, then all states would race to the bottom in this regard. The reality is the federal government does not just make up the difference between what states need and what they actually collect, which is why states don't and can't race to the bottom with their taxes. And Illinois, New Jersey and Connecticut wouldn't be in such abysmal fiscal condition as they are, if what you were insinuating were really the case.
Rank states by millionaire households per capita, the top half are 90% "blue," the bottom half 90% "red." Rank them by number of millionaire households, the top half of states have 85% of the nation's millionaires and only 6 of these states are red, with Texas being the only real "red" outlier. Resort the data and look at it any way you want, it basically always confirms what we already know, which is this:
A lot of "red" states have larger populations of poor people, smaller populations of wealthy people, and less going on economically. This results in less tax revenue coming in, as well as less ability to significantly raise taxes. Being so poor as they are, the tax bases in these places have less tolerance for significant tax increases. They're more sensitive to it. We can see the opposite of this in super blue places with roaring economies. New York City or Seattle or the Bay Area of California raise their taxes, a few people chirp or roll their eyes but there's almost no noticeable effect on demand and the economic juggernauts that headquarter there don't instantly pack up and flee. These places have much greater tolerance and flexibility in spite of high taxes. Poorer rural places for example aren't like this. They don't have a huge tolerant tax base with significant money available to be taxed. They're poor as dirt, a lot of them.
You've provided no evidence quantifying how much less red states tax their rich than blue states do that shows red states could simply obviate their residents' need for federal dollars by deciding to tax their rich.