This is actually a very insightful and thought provoking post. Thank you for that.
I used to assume that the conservative worldview was something rational, and so by engaging them, either I could finally understand them better, or I might be able to offer them better information and arguments to get them to change their views. But I have come to realize that conservatism is not about rationality at all. It is about a handful of extremely powerful and wealthy people at the top who want even more power and wealth and don't think that any amount of such inequality is ever going to be socially destabilizing and unsustainable, and a large group of, how shall one say to be politically correct?....well, PC is out these days anyway, so I'll come out and say it... CATTLE, which can be provoked to stampede in just about any direction you like if you make some loud noises and wave red flags at them enough, exploiting their massive levels of ignorance, prejudices, fears, misunderstandings, and paranoias. It's not about information and rationality at all. It's about habits and traditions, no matter how wrong or dysfunctional, visceral prejudices and hatreds and fears.
That makes it much harder to address, of course, than if it was just a simple issue of just more facts and more rational arguments. But at least we are not barking up the wrong tree thinking that only if I give them a few more facts they will come around to accepting evolutionary biology, or climate change science, or that nations with strong social safety nets and without too much inequality tend to be more stable, or that separation of church and state is actually a good thing, etc...