The average person has no idea what the origins of idea was that created "Stock Markets". It was to allow the average worker and institutional investors to invest in corporations... The goal was: To Support Company Stability, Research and Development, and MANAGED GROWTH.
In early time Company President were the tier that managed the company, and the QUARTERLY REPORTING SYSTEM, was designed so each quarter they could measure production and sales to determine profit.
The Stock Market was for "LONG TERM INVESTORS" is was not designed for the Flip and Spin, Speculation and Derivatives. It was never designed for the game of CDS (Credit Default Swaps), and it was not designed for "over expansion" that was not justified and managed. It was not for "day traders to bleed off resources.
The Era leading up to the 1920's so all these Financial Gaming models move into the arena, and by 1929, the speculation game and all its instruments led to the Crash of 1929. The game of the wealthy buying on Margin, with practically no skin in the game, who then could not make the margin calls.
It was not designed for Merger's and Take Over... and doing so based on "debt"... that game took off in the 1980's with the Junk Bond programming,
People today, some are too young to remember and others just don't know, the game that led to the crash of the Saving and Loans... nor do many know about Enron, Aldephi and Global Crossing... all major messes that damaged the economy, by "accounting gaming" called the Arthur Anderson, Accounting Scandal... Enron did such damage to the Pension system; Couple this with the removal of Glass–Steagall Act of 1932, which established a separation between banks and investment houses. And then came the later years game of "MBS" - Mortgage Backed Securities, that began to use the foundational stability of Mortgage Bonds which previously had a low yield, because they were not based on spin and drama and speculation, they were based on "American Home-ownership and Home Valuation, which was not set on a wild ride trajectory of fast escalation in valuation.
As to Corporations, when they began to expand where they did not have market shares and overstocked their stores to give the Illusion of performance, and then cycled and programmed liquidation, wrapped in promoting high speculative gains, and then selling the overstock to secondary sellers, and telling stock holders that the dividend would be less because they did not meet the goal.. all the while "trading frenzy was going wild based on pure speculation... They no longer cared so much about "actual performance" based on historical models, they cared about what the "stock ticker trading frenzy could sell a stock for"... even knowing stocks were excessively over valued and under performing and could not meet the projections.. but they could play the 'broker spins and drive up the stock ticker value"... They used that fake value to borrow and then to try and buy out any competition, that later led to "buying companies that had nothing in common with the core business"...
Example:
Pepsi, ended up a long list of companies and brands. this created a network of business to offset any of the lower performing ones, and the stock game could engage speculation based on such modeling.
This modeling has seen the masses of companies being sucked up under "the umbrella of single entities".. reducing competition down to a few big names, who control a high volume of brands.
The system produced vast "over stocking" and this led to the rise of the Dollar Stores with an unending supply of liquidated goods. The winners is the Preferred and Blue Chip Stock Holders... the rest get fleeced in the spin cycle.