The First Supreme Court of the U.S. - 1789

"The Judiciary Act of 1789 <wa>s passed by Congress and signed by President George Washington, establishing the Supreme Court of the United States as a tribunal made up of six justices who were to serve on the court until death or retirement. That day, President Washington nominated John Jay to preside as chief justice, and John Rutledge, William Cushing, John Blair, Robert Harrison, and James Wilson to be associate justices. On September 26, all six appointments were confirmed by the U.S. Senate.

The U.S. Supreme Court was established by Article 3 of the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution granted the Supreme Court ultimate jurisdiction over all laws, <<especially Those In Which Their Constitutionality Was At Issue.>> The high court was also designated to oversee cases concerning treaties of the United States, foreign diplomats, admiralty practice, and maritime jurisdiction. On February 1, 1790, the first session of the U.S. Supreme Court was held in New York City's Royal Exchange Building."

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/th...

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Qualifications To Become A Supreme Court Justice

"While the Constitution stipulates qualifications for being President of the United States, it is silent as to qualifications for Supreme Court justices. Nonetheless, several preferred qualifications have emerged over the long history of the court."

"When there is a vacancy on the court, it is the job of the President to nominate a suitable candidate. The Senate must vote to confirm the candidate."

"... most Justices tend to begin their tenure while in their 40s or 50s and may remain with the court as long as they wish or until they are impeached for improper behavior."

Qualifications To Become A Supreme Court Justice...

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John Jay, as chief justice, and John Rutledge, William Cushing, John Blair, Robert Harrison, and James Wilson as associate justices, were the original Supreme Court Justices.

The Presiding President, George Washington, appointed the first Supreme Court Justices to defend, especially those in which their constitutionality was at issue. What was life like during George Washington's time? What was Mr. George Washington for and what was Mr. George Washington against as far as National Politics and Constitutional Rights were concerend?

This is what was occurring when he accepted the seat of President.

George Washington · George Washington's Mount Vernon...

George Washington · George Washington's Mount Vernon...

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Here is a list of first Supreme Court Cases.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_...

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Since the Supreme Court, under the Presidency of George Washington, was to defend the constitutionality of the States, People and Nation, seeing what George Washington and the original Supreme Court Justices' ideas of Constitutionality were, would be a good ground to start from to better understand what forms of 'justice' and 'freedoms' they felt was to be defended and honored.


Oldest Church buildings https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_old...

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Old Trinity Church, Maryland Church Creek, Maryland MD 1675 Episcopal

Old Ship Church Hingham, Massachusetts MA 1681 Puritan/Congregational

St. Luke's Church Smithfield, Virginia VA 1682 Anglican

Old Indian Meeting Place Mashpee, Massachusetts MA 1684 Congregational

King's Chapel Boston, MA MA 1686 Unitarian Christian

Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow Sleepy Hollow, New York, NY 1685 Dutch Reformed

Old Quaker Meeting House Flushing, New York, NY 1694 Quaker (Friends)

Merion Friends Meeting House Merion Station, PA 1695 Quaker (Friends)

Holy Trinity Church (Old Swedes) Wilmington, Delaware, DE 1698 Lutheran/Episcopal

Great Friends Meeting House Newport, Rhode Island, RI 1699 Quaker (Friends)

Gloria Dei (Old Swedes' Church) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PA 1700 Lutheran/Episcopal

Six Principle Baptist Church North Kingstown, Rhode Island RI 1703 Baptist

St. Mary's Episcopal Church Burlington NJ 1703 Episcopal

Rehoboth Presbyterian Church Rehoboth, Maryland MD 1706 Presbyterian

St. Andrews Episcopal Church Charelston, South Carolina SC 1706 Episcopal

Old Narragansett Church Wickford, Rhode Island RI 1707 Episcopal

St. Michael's Church Marblehead, Massachusetts MA 1714 Episcopal

Old North Church Boston, Massachusetts MA 1723 Episcopal

Trinity Church, Newport Newport, Rhode Island RI 1726 Episcopal

St. John's Episcopal Church Hampton, Virgina VA 1728 Episcopal

Christ Church Nanjemoy, Maryland MD 1732 Episcopal

St. Thomas Episcopal Church Bath, North Carolina NC 1734 Episcopal

Cathedral of San Fernando San Antonio, Texas TX 1738 Catholic

St. Paul's Episcopal Church Norfolk, Virginia VA 1739 Episcopal

Augustus Lutheran Church Trappe, Pennsylvania PA 1743 Lutheran

St. Paul's Chapel New York, New York NY 1766 Episcopal

Mission San Diego de Alcala San Diego, California CA 1769 Roman Catholic

The Falls Church Falls Church, Virginia VA 1769 Episcopal

Barratt's Chapel Frederica, Delaware DE 1780 Methodist

Mission San Juan Capistrano San Juan Capistrano CA 1782 Roman Catholic

Wyandot Mission Church Upper Sandusky OH 1824 Methodist

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The Churches which celebrated Mr. George Washington's Inauguration by tolling their Church Bells would have been from some of the Churches listed above.

To say that the United States was NOT founded upon Christian Principles might be true seeing that the Established Churches within the U.S. had already been established and had already flourished before the signing of the US Constitution.

However, to say that the mass majority of US citizens at that time were not Christians might prove false and a lie. These sorts of sayings and teachings could be grounds for Law Suits on the grounds and basis of Spoliation of Evidences.

1790 United States Census https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1790_United_States_Census

The United States Census of 1790 was the first census of the whole United States. It recorded the population of the United States as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution and applicable laws. In the first census, the population of the United States was enumerated to be 3,929,214.

With so many Churches which thrived before the signing of the US Constitution in 1787, it would seem as if many US citizens cared for Church Establishments and Church life.

But today, we can see Supreme Court Justices arguing against Current Running President, Mr. Trump. Not only has he been called unconstitutional for wanting to save yet-to-be born lives and for desiring White America to also be fairly represented just as minority groups (such as LGBTQ, Planned Parenthood, Muslim Brotherhood, CAIR, etc...) are, and not only has Mrs. Trump been called a 'whore' by a Citizen of the U.S., but Mr. Trump has already been labeled as a liar with his suspicions of wire tapping and such. But just today, a new article has come out claiming that Mr. Trump's private lines may have been tampered with but they are unwilling to show the evidences of their findings.

Trump may have been monitored, says House intelligence committee chair | PennLive.com

So, original Constitution citizens being compared to today's Constitutionally defended people by the Supreme Court Justices would be like comparing beer to juice.

But today, we can see Supreme Court Justices arguing against Current Running President, Mr. Trump. Not only has he been called unconstitutional for wanting to save yet-to-be born lives and for desiring White America to also be fairly represented just as minority groups (such as LGBTQ, Planned Parenthood, Muslim Brotherhood, CAIR, etc...) are, and not only has Mrs. Trump been called a 'whore' by a Citizen of the U.S., but Mr. Trump has already been labeled as a liar with his suspicions of wire tapping and such. But just today, a new article has come out claiming that Mr. Trump's private lines may have been tampered with but they are unwilling to show the evidences of their findings.

Trump may have been monitored, says House intelligence committee chair | PennLive.com

So, original Constitution citizens being compared to today's Constitutionally defended people by the Supreme Court Justices would be like comparing feremented beer to wholesome juice.

Supreme Court nominee seeks distance from Trump administration, says attacks on federal judges 'disheartening' ... Supreme Court nominee seeks distance from Trump administration, says attacks on federal judges 'disheartening' - ABC News

Judge Neil Gorsuch sought to distance himself from the Trump administration and slam the president for his attacks against federal judges during his testimony before members of Congress on Tuesday, his second day of a Supreme Court confirmation hearing.

Gorsuch said he was offended by language used by President Trump, who has a history of lashing out against federal judges involved in cases that are not in his favor.

In February, Trump appeared to question the legitimacy of a federal judge who temporarily blocked his controversial travel ban and called him a "so-called judge."

Last year, Trump suggested that a federal judge overseeing a lawsuit against Trump University was biased because of his Mexican heritage.

"When anyone criticizes the honesty or integrity, the motives of a federal judge, I find that disheartening. I find that demoralizing, because I know the truth," Gorsuch said.

WASHINGTON'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS
OF 1789

A Transcription
[April 30, 1789]

Fellow Citizens of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Among the vicissitudes incident to life, no event could have filled me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the fourteenth day of the present month. On the one hand, I was summoned by my Country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years: a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me, by the addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my Country called me, being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens, a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with dispondence, one, who, inheriting inferior endowments from nature and unpractised in the duties of civil administration, ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions, all I dare aver, is, that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of eve ry circumstance, by which it might be affected. All I dare hope, is, that, if in executing this task I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof, of the confidence of my fellow-citizens; and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me; my error will be palliated by the motives which misled me, and its consequences be judged by my Country, with some share of the partiality in which they originated.

Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station; it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official Act, my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being who rules over the Universe, who presides in the Councils of Nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect, that his benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the People of the United States, a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes: and may enable every instrument employed in its administration to execute with success, the functions allotted to his charge. In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every public and private good I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not less than my own; nor those of my fellow-citizens at large, less than either. No People can be bound to acknowledge and adore the invisible hand, which conducts the Affairs of men more than the People of the United States. Every step, by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation, seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency. And in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their United Government, the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities, from which the event has resulted, cannot be compared with the means by which most Governments have been established, without some return of pious gratitude along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections, arising out of the present crisis, have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me I trust in thinking, that there are none under the influence of which, the proceedings of a new and free Government can more auspiciously commence.

By the article establishing the Executive Department, it is made the duty of the President "to recommend to your consideration, such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." The circumstances under which I now meet you, will acquit me from entering into that subject, farther than to refer to the Great Constitutional Charter under which you are assembled; and which, in defining your powers, designates the objects to which your attention is to be given. It will be more consistent with those circumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me, to substitute, in place of a recommendation of particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications, I behold the surest pledges, that as on one side, no local prejudices, or attachments; no seperate views, nor party animosities, will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests: so, on another, that the foundations of our National policy will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private morality; and the pre-eminence of a free Government, be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its Citizens, and command the respect of the world.

I dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my Country can inspire: since there is no truth more thoroughly established, than that there exists in the economy and course of nature, an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness, between duty and advantage, between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy, and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity: Since we ought to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of Heaven, can never be expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right, which Heaven itself has ordained: And since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty, and the destiny of the Republican model of Government, are justly considered as deeply, perhaps as finally staked, on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people.

Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain with your judgment to decide, how far an exercise of the occasional power delegated by the Fifth article of the Constitution is rendered expedient at the present juncture by the nature of objections which have been urged against the System, or by the degree of inquietude which has given birth to them. Instead of undertaking particular recommendations on this subject, in which I could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public good: For I assure myself that whilst you carefully avoid every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an United and effective Government, or which ought to await the future lessons of experience; a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen, and a regard for the public harmony, will sufficiently influence your deliberations on the question how far the former can be more impregnably fortified, or the latter be safely and advantageously promoted.

To the preceeding observations I have one to add, which will be most properly addressed to the House of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will therefore be as brief as possible. When I was first honoured with a call into the Service of my Country, then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties, the light in which I contemplated my duty required that I should renounce every pecuniary compensation. From this resolution I have in no instance departed. And being still under the impressions which produced it, I must decline as inapplicable to myself, any share in the personal emoluments, which may be indispensably included in a permanent provision for the Executive Department; and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the Station in which I am placed, may, during my continuance in it, be limited to such actual expenditures as the public good may be thought to require.

Having thus imported to you my sentiments, as they have been awakened by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave; but not without resorting once more to the benign parent of the human race, in humble supplication that since he has been pleased to favour the American people, with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquility, and dispositions for deciding with unparellelled unanimity on a form of Government, for the security of their Union, and the advancement of their happiness; so his divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise measures on which the success of this Government must depend.

https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals/inaugtxt.html

Alrighty then.