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We're only at 400ppm CO2. So plants can benefit greatly for a long long time, since we will never approach 2000ppm.
Nutrient deficiency in plants is a whole 'nuther problem. Nothing to do with CO2. Has to do with depleted soils and breeding for size only,around the globe. Some plants are down more than 50% in major nutrients.
I wouldn't say never, because it has been that high and much higher in the past. However, it is highly unlikely. The ideal range for plants is somewhere between 1,200 and 1,500 ppmV. According to OSHA, humans don't start having an issue with atmospheric CO2 until it reaches 30,000 ppmV, which is 3% of the total atmosphere.
With regard to the nutrient deficient plants this was done under laboratory conditions, with the soil containing the exact same nutrient content. The only thing that changed was the amount of atmospheric CO2. Once the atmospheric CO2 began to exceed ~1,800 ppmV the nutrients iron and zinc began to decline. Too much CO2 appears to interfere with the plants ability to absorb nutrients. Not only resulting in a smaller yield but also a plant that is less nutritious.