There is a lot of disagreement about the severity of the problem and the potential consequences:
The current pattern of international capital flows—should it persist—could prove counterproductive.
We can run huge deficits for the time being, because foreigners— in particular, foreign governments— are willing to lend us huge sums. But one of these days the easy credit will come to an end, and the United States will have to start paying its way in the world economy.
My view is that the trade deficit is not a problem in itself but is a symptom of a problem. The problem is low national saving. Given that national saving is low, I am not eager for the trade deficit to disappear, because that would mean that domestic investment would need to fall to the low level of national saving. But I do think it would be good if the trade deficit were to disappear accompanied by an increase in national saving.
In addition to taking a look at a textbook on macroeconomics or international economics, here are some suggestions for sources of information about the topic: