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The states can't do this because....? Not every government power exists at the federal level nor should it.
Assuring the educational formation of any and all American-citizens is indeed a foremost criteria of the national government, and NOT JUST THE STATES*.
It is therefore the duty and responsibility of LaLaLand on the Potomac to assure that all states are educating their students to a nationally recognized level of competence. It is individual capacity (and a bit of luck) that then determines the outcome for each of us.
But when a nation is unable to assure that "all who want an education" can indeed avail themselves of one, then it is reneging on its obligations.
The US is the obverse of most modern countries. Private financing of education is about two-thirds, and governmental funding education is about one-third. Which is the opposite of most developed countries where governments assure that all students are able to obtain a subsidized Tertiary Education. See infographic here titled, "Spending on tertiary education Private / Public, % of education spending, 2013"
By the numbers - "Educational Attainment of the Population Aged 25 and Older (2014)" (from the Census Bureau here):
-High-school graduate or more = 88.4%
-College or more = 58.9%
-Associate’s degree or more = 42.3%
-Bachelor’s degree or more = 32.5%
-Advanced degree = 12%
Meaning this: 42.3% of high-school graduates (or 88.4% of the those graduating) get an Associate's Degree or more. That is, 42.3% of 88.4% of the HS graduate population obtain an "advanced degree" - or ONLY 37.4% of all high-school student continue on to an Associates or Bachelor's degree (or higher).
That aint nearly good enough ...