So I've heard a lot of claims about GMOs and I'm really wondering what even exists that isn't a genetically modified organism. To my understanding since the dawn of agricultural we have been genetically modifying our food.
Altering genetic material is just adding or subtracting amino acids.
So what is the harm?
There is and there isn't harm. It's all in the usage.
Let me explain. Say there's a grain blight that's ravaging the Rye crop. Before genetic engineering what we had to do was to try and hybrid Rye with another grain that it resistant to the blight. Let's for the sake of example...we'll use Barley.
So they cross-pollinate the Rye and the Barley. They get several strains of the hybrid that they now have to test. Some will not be resistant, some will. Of the ones that are...some of those strains (perhaps all) will no longer have the qualities that make Rye...Rye.
So it's back to the drawing board and they try again. Test, grow, test, grow...until they find the right species that resists the blight, but has all the characteristics that are Rye. Then they have to check to see if the new strain can be bread with itself and continue the resistance across future generations.
All of this takes time. They have to plant the seeds and wait for them to germinate and to mature. For every generation they try. That's a lot of time.
Genetic Engineering means that they can cut the time down drastically since they can pull the genes they want and splice it in. This gives them a higher rate of success right from the start.
Now since we eat Rye and we eat Barley...nothing that is in the new "frankenfood" is anything that we don't consume in the two grains separately. To me, this is a good GMO.
But there are other GMO applications that are less benign. Say that there's a weed that has natural selection has made it resistant to the herbicides they put on the crops. It's now starting to choke off the Rye crops. You can't increase the amount of herbicide or go with a stronger one since that will kill off the Rye that you want.
So they look around for a species of grain that is more resistant to the herbicides. Again let's use barley. There's a strain that is tougher and resists herbicides. You splice the bit that makes it hardier into the rye.
Then you are free to dump all the herbicides on our food to kill off the plant you don't want.
To me...that's a bad GMO. Not the GMO itself, but the application. Nothing in the new GMO is harmful to us (again because we eat both Rye and Barley and the new plant has nothing that we aren't already eating), but it's not contaminated with newer, stronger and increased amounts of herbicides.