Quebec property law is firmly rooted in the French CIVIL LAW tradition and derives, therefore, from Roman law. Anglo-American common law has had little influence on its institutions (except for the mechanism of the TRUST and a number of security devices). Quebec law, like French law, has historically attached the greatest importance to land and rights in land as objects of wealth. Indeed, feudal landholding (the SEIGNEURIAL SYSTEM) was only abolished in Quebec in 1854, a necessary reform before the civil law itself could be codified in a modern form (1866). Land in Quebec, whether once held in seigneurial tenure under the French regime or granted by the Crown (since 1763), is now in all cases held by individuals in a "free" tenure, ie, it is held as independently of the Crown as absolutely as possible.
The Quebec Civil Code contains the fundamental principles of property law applicable to private persons. Since 1866 it has been supplemented by much ancillary legislation regulating new forms of property (such as hydraulic power) and controlling the use of property in view of contemporary concerns (such as environmental hazards and cultural heritage). The code nonetheless enshrines 2 fundamental tenets of Quebec property law: the right of private property (private ownership of lands and goods) and, as a corollary, the free circulation of such property. The code itself regulates private property in this sense, whereas statutory legislation regulates Crown or public and municipal property to which special rules apply.