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Well, ok, yeah, you can't get in trouble for racial profiling if you are pulling over more people of a certain race just because there are more of them around.
There are two statistical models I've seen used for measuring racial profiling. One says that you look at the percentage of the population in a precinct and that the number of traffic stops, questioning on the street, etc, should roughly match those percentages.
The one that I've been seeing used more often lately is that you look at the percentage of crime committed by each racial group and measure whether traffic stops and whatnot roughly match up with those percentages.
If your goal is individual liberty and equal rights then the first standard makes more sense- it isn't fair that somebody gets pulled over more often than somebody else just because of the color of their skin. If your goal is the most effective law enforcement possible, the second standard makes more sense. Generally speaking, more liberal sources will use the first standard when they study racial profiling and conservative sources will use the second standard.
The sad thing is that some police precincts are racially profiling by both standards, meaning they are profiling so agressively that they're actually becoming less effective and they're totally obliterating any sense of individual liberty.
And yeah, of course, whites could sue for racial profiling as well, although I haven't personally seen any studies that indicated that any police departments were profiling whites. It's a big country though. I'm sure it's happening somewhere.
Those two models look odd to me. Basically the reasoning is that traffic stop rates should equal crime rates. (or close to) Making bad traffic decisions often has to do with inattention and no retained knowledge of traffic laws. Not due to any reason to purposely break the law...like most regular crime is.
The other one could be swayed for many reasons also. For example for some odd reason a particular racial group could be teaching their kids better on how to drive than another. There are lots of variables so using any kind of model like this would be extremely suspect imo.
