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Re: 2 oil tankers damaged in suspected attack in the Gulf of Oman, crew evacuated
The fleet could have been recalled, but the Japanese (understandably) felt under pressure to end the rounds of unresolved differences. Moreover, they were also well aware that to abort a major and expensive operation (burning fuel oil strategic reserves) on a less than robust and long term agreement was not worth it.
The US, for its part, was unaware of the exact deadline for war. The US, according to my readings, rejected proposal A of the Japanese (they knew what it was going to be anyway due to their code breaking). They didn't reject B outright, and was preparing a counter-proposal when the administration decided that Japan could not be trusted and drafted the Hull memorandum.
The impasse was not due to racial prejudice or cultural misunderstanding. It was due to irreconcilable differences over the aims of the Japanese empire and the aims of the US administration. No matter how "understanding" one might be of Japanese feelings, it wouldn't have change their feelings or war aims. They wanted a colonial empire, and felt entitled to it in part because Europeans had one.
However, aside from the impasse, the end result was due to a misunderstanding by the Japanese - not only as to the power of the U.S. and determination of its people, but also as to strong desire to avoid war among US politicians (other than Roosevelt). The Japanese never considered a limited attack on just those nations that held oil (Java), and was unwilling to risk it. Clearly they should have.
The fleet could have been recalled at any point along the way if diplomatic progress had been made. But there was none. I'm not sure but I think Hull's demand that Japanese completely withdraw from China was not a part of the original negotiations and was added as American diplomatic team was en route to the negotiations. The Japanese saw that demand as a casus belli and indication that the US was not truly interested in reaching a negotiated settlement. But it's not like this tells the entire story of how the US and Japan arrived at this impasse. This was many years in the making and perhaps in large part shaped by racial prejudice and cultural misunderstanding that gave the Japanese reason to be sensitive to Western subjugation. Think 'Gun Boat Diplomacy', 'The Perry Expedition', 'Open Door Policy' and way the Japanese were all but completely ignored by the Western power allies at Versailles at the end of WWI at which the Japanese delegation ended up walking out on in protest.
The fleet could have been recalled, but the Japanese (understandably) felt under pressure to end the rounds of unresolved differences. Moreover, they were also well aware that to abort a major and expensive operation (burning fuel oil strategic reserves) on a less than robust and long term agreement was not worth it.
The US, for its part, was unaware of the exact deadline for war. The US, according to my readings, rejected proposal A of the Japanese (they knew what it was going to be anyway due to their code breaking). They didn't reject B outright, and was preparing a counter-proposal when the administration decided that Japan could not be trusted and drafted the Hull memorandum.
The impasse was not due to racial prejudice or cultural misunderstanding. It was due to irreconcilable differences over the aims of the Japanese empire and the aims of the US administration. No matter how "understanding" one might be of Japanese feelings, it wouldn't have change their feelings or war aims. They wanted a colonial empire, and felt entitled to it in part because Europeans had one.
However, aside from the impasse, the end result was due to a misunderstanding by the Japanese - not only as to the power of the U.S. and determination of its people, but also as to strong desire to avoid war among US politicians (other than Roosevelt). The Japanese never considered a limited attack on just those nations that held oil (Java), and was unwilling to risk it. Clearly they should have.
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