Montecresto
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Well their interests are superior to China's as the islands are closer to the respective nations claiming them and those islands have always been considered parts of those nations. Have you ever actually looked at a map of the South China Sea? It would be like Cuba claiming the entirety of the Gulf of Mexico and Key West. China only started to claim the islands once oil was found around them.
No, they are not superior. And this is not nearly as cut and dry as you depict. Look, the first country to ever file a legal claim to the islands was the British empire, and surely the Spratly's and Paracel's were closer to China then Britain. The Chinese formally complained when the Germans came to survey them in 1883.
The boundary convention between the Chinese and the Vietnamese that was signed by France and China at the conclusion of the Sino-French war recognized China as the rightful owners of the islands. Indeed China placed flags and markers on the islands in 1902 and a 1755 Archeological survey discovered Chinese pottery and coins on the islands, that may have been the result of intentional presence or perhaps from Chinese junks shipwrecked there.
But one thing is certain, China's claims are no less legitimate than the others that you name, and as such, there's very little logic in the US risking a war with that power over such questionable conditions.