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Norm referenced tests: The test is given to a large group, and the mean, median, and standard deviation calculated. Grade level on a norm referenced test means the average (mean) score for that grade level.
Criterion referenced tests: Start with a goal, a criterion, (expectation of achievement based not on the average for the group tested, but a goal that every student is expected to reach).
The tests may look similar, but the way they're graded is not.
The end of the year tests that are meant to grade not students, but schools, are criterion referenced tests. Schools should have taught to this goal, and if kids didn't reach it, then the schools have failed. That's the premise behind the testing.
Criterion referenced tests: Start with a goal, a criterion, (expectation of achievement based not on the average for the group tested, but a goal that every student is expected to reach).
The tests may look similar, but the way they're graded is not.
The end of the year tests that are meant to grade not students, but schools, are criterion referenced tests. Schools should have taught to this goal, and if kids didn't reach it, then the schools have failed. That's the premise behind the testing.