42 Measurements of Newtonian Constant of Gravitation with the Frederic-r2e2 balance

42 Measurements of Newtonian Constant of
Gravitation with the Frederic-r2e2 balance

Newtonian constant of gravitation
G
Value: 6.671 281 903 963 04 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
Standard uncertainty: 0.00000000000000 099 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
Relative standard uncertainty: 1.0 x 10-14
Concise form: 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2

TABLE I - G=2/c, c=2/G, 2=G*c (natural units):

G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1977 ASU
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1978 POC
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1979 POC
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1980 POC
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1981 POC
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1982 POC
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1983 POC
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1984 POC
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1985 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 **1986 DIT (1)
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1987 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1988 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1989 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1990 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1991 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1992 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1993 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1994 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1995 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1996 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1997 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 **1998 DIT (2)
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *1999 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2000 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2001 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 **2002 DIT (3)
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2003 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2004 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2005 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 **2006 DIT (4)
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2007 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2008 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2009 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 **2010 DIT (5)
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2011 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2012 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2013 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 **2014 DIT (6)
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(098) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2015 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2016 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(100) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 *2017 DIT
G = 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 **2018 DIT (7)

* Year of Measurement
** Definitions Adjustments
ASU - Arizona State University
POC - Pitts Oil Company
DIT - Denoco Inc. of Texas

TABLE II - Graviton Density frequency readings:

NIST-82 6.672 6 0.000 5 08/29/1980 10/10/1980 09/19/1980 42 torsion balance time-of-swing
TR&D-96 6.672 9 0.000 5 04/19/1985 10/19/1995 06/09/1990 3835 torsion balance time-of-swing
LANL-97 6.674 0 0.000 7 01/01/1996 05/31/1996 03/15/1996 151 torsion balance time-of-swing
UW-00 6.674 255 0.000 092 03/10/2000 04/18/2000 03/29/2000 39 torsion balance acceleration servo
BIPM-01s 6.675 53 0.000 40 09/29/2000 11/02/2000 10/16/2000 34 torsion balance electrostatic servo
BIPM-01c 6.675 65 0.000 45 11/25/2000 12/13/2000 12/04/2000 18 torsion balance Cavendish
BIPM-01sc 6.675 59 0.000 27 09/29/2000 12/13/2000 11/02/2000 75 torsion balance Cavendish & servo
UWUP-02 6.674 22 0.000 98 01/12/2001 06/29/2001 03/06/2001 168 two pendulums
MSL-03 6.673 87 0.000 27 03/21/2002 11/01/2002 07/11/2002 225 torsion balance electrostatic servo
HUST-05 6.672 3 0.000 9 08/04/1997 10/15/1997 09/09/1997 72 torsion balance time-of-swing
UZH-06 6.674 25 0.000 12 07/31/2001 08/21/2001 08/21/2001 21 beam balance
HUST-09a 6.673 52 0.000 19 03/21/2007 05/20/2007 04/20/2007 60 torsion balance time-of-swing
HUST-09b 6.673 46 0.000 21 10/08/2008 11/16/2008 10/27/2008 39 torsion balance time-of-swing
JILA-10 6.672 34 0.000 14 05/12/2004 06/06/2004 05/28/2004 25 two pendulums
BIPM-13s 6.675 15 0.000 41 11/08/2007 01/16/2008 12/15/2007 69 torsion balance electrostatic servo
BIPM-13c 6.675 86 0.000 36 08/31/2007 09/10/2007 09/05/2007 10 torsion balance Cavendish
BIPM-13sc 6.675 54 0.000 16 08/31/2007 01/16/2008 10/25/2007 138 torsion balance Cavendish & servo
UCI-14a 6.674 35 0.000 10 10/04/2000 11/11/2000 10/23/2000 38 torsion balance time-of-swing
UCI-14b 6.674 08 0.000 15 03/25/2002 05/12/2002 04/18/2002 48 torsion balance time-of-swing
UCI-14c 6.674 55 0.000 13 04/08/2006 05/14/2006 04/26/2006 36 torsion balance time-of-swing
LENS-14 6.671 91 0.000 99 07/05/2013 07/12/2013 07/08/2013 7 atom interferometer
FWD-18 6.671 281 903 963 04 0.000 00 04/01/2018 04/01/2018 1 the Frederic-r2e2 balance

Newtonian constant of gravitation
G
Value: 6.671 281 903 963 04 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
Standard uncertainty: 0.00000000000000 099 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
Relative standard uncertainty: 1.0 x 10-14
Concise form: 6.671 281 903 963 04(099) x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2

Trouble with a Capital 'G' | NIST
https://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=918564
The Newtonian constant of gravitation—a constant too difficult to measure? An introduction

Table II - G=f^2/D, D=f^2/G, f=(GD)^1/2;
FWD-18 added to published original.
_______________________________________________________

Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST
BIPM - 26th CGPM (2018)

This is the kind of post where you might want to explain the significance of these findings, or at least, what it is the articles cited are about and why it is these measurements are taken.

They say they want to pin down the Newtonian constant, but then your post mentions a "Graviton" ("Graviton density..."). But a graviton is the hypothetical quanta of gravity that remains hypothetical as they haven't reconciled quantum mechanics with standard field theory in a fully testible/completed theory. (Or, as I gather, a graviton in string theory is the massless state of a "fundamental" string, whatever fundamental vs. otherwise means)

Outside of string theory, they're still busy searching for a theory of quantum loop gravity. Is this an effort that pertains to that? Are they hoping that if they nail down Newton's old constant, they might be able to work out more re: QLG? I at least skimmed some of the articles you posted and it would seem the measurements are about nailing down the value of the Newtonian constant, but what does that have to do with the hypothetical "Graviton"?

Or are they simply hoping that a complete measure of Newton's constant points them towards demonstrating the existence of gravitons, and that in turn towards a way to reconcile standard field with quantum mechanics?

Anyway, I'm no physicist. I just like befuddling myself trying to understand rough English translations of cutting edge mathematics. I'm not going to understand the equations involved in any (or most) of this.

So:

What, precisely are they looking for?

What does it have to do with gravitons, specifically?

Mr Person said:

This is the kind of post where you might want to explain the significance of these findings, or at least, what it is the articles cited are about and why it is these measurements are taken.

They say they want to pin down the Newtonian constant, but then your post mentions a "Graviton" ("Graviton density..."). But a graviton is the hypothetical quanta of gravity that remains hypothetical as they haven't reconciled quantum mechanics with standard field theory in a fully testible/completed theory. (Or, as I gather, a graviton in string theory is the massless state of a "fundamental" string, whatever fundamental vs. otherwise means)

Outside of string theory, they're still busy searching for a theory of quantum loop gravity. Is this an effort that pertains to that? Are they hoping that if they nail down Newton's old constant, they might be able to work out more re: QLG? I at least skimmed some of the articles you posted and it would seem the measurements are about nailing down the value of the Newtonian constant, but what does that have to do with the hypothetical "Graviton"?

Or are they simply hoping that a complete measure of Newton's constant points them towards demonstrating the existence of gravitons, and that in turn towards a way to reconcile standard field with quantum mechanics?

Anyway, I'm no physicist. I just like befuddling myself trying to understand rough English translations of cutting edge mathematics. I'm not going to understand the equations involved in any (or most) of this.

So:

What, precisely are they looking for?

What does it have to do with gravitons, specifically?

Click to expand...

Don't get too caught up with this. Think of the eccentric guests on the late Art Bell's Coast to Coast program.

Garry Denke – Stonehenge Armageddon Prospect

Rogue Valley said:

Don't get too caught up with this. Think of the eccentric guests on the late Art Bell's Coast to Coast program.

Garry Denke – Stonehenge Armageddon Prospect

Click to expand...

:shock:


What in the precise ****?

One of THE PERKS in Science is NAMING your Discovery.
My favourite Curse Word of all time?
Jesus Christ!

CODATA Values of the Fundamental Constants
Universal Magnetic Reversals

Jesus Christ! constant = e^2*z0
Jesus Christ! constant = (1.602176634 x 10^-19 A-s)^2 * 3.767303134 x 10^2 kg-m^2/A^2-s^3
Jesus Christ! constant = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s

Jesus Christ! constant = e^2/e0*c
Jesus Christ! constant = (1.602176634 x 10^-19 A-s)^2 / 8.854187817 x 10^-12 A^2-s^4/kg-m^3 * 2.997924580 x 10^8 m/s
Jesus Christ! constant = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s

Jesus Christ! constant = e^2*u0*c
Jesus Christ! constant = (1.602176634 x 10^-19 A-s)^2 * 1.256637061 x 10^-6 kg-m/A^2-s^2 * 2.997924580 x 10^8 m/s
Jesus Christ! constant = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s

Fundamental Physical Constants
Constants in the category " Universal constants "...

characteristic impedance of vacuum
electric constant
magnetic constant
Newtonian constant of gravitation
Newtonian constant of gravitation over h-bar c
Jesus Christ! constant
Jesus Christ! constant in eV s
Jesus Christ! constant over 2 pi
Jesus Christ! constant over 2 pi in eV s
Jesus Christ! constant over 2 pi times c in MeV fm
Jesus Christ! length
Jesus Christ! mass
Jesus Christ! mass energy equivalent in GeV
Jesus Christ! temperature
Jesus Christ! time
speed of light in vacuum

CODATA Values of the Fundamental Constants
Universal Magnetic Reversals

Precisely.

Mr Person said:

So:

What, precisely are they looking for?

Click to expand...

Denke (hbar) is action; Planck (h) is angular;

hbar = quantum of action = 9.670554000 x 10^-29 erg-s
h = quantum of angular = 6.626070150 x 10−27 erg-s/rad
hbar = quantum of action = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s
h = quantum of angular = 6.626070150 x 10^-34 kg-m^2/s-rad
________________________________________________

CGS
--
k = hbar*c/4π*e^2
k = 9.670554000 x 10^-29 erg-s * 2.997924580 x 10^10 cm/s / 4π * (4.803204712 x 10^-10 esu)^2
k = 1

e^2 = hbar*c/4π*k
e^2 = 9.670554000 x 10^-29 erg-s * 2.997924580 x 10^10 cm/s / 4π * 1
e^2 = (4.803204712 x 10^-10 esu)^2

hbar = 4π*k*e^2/c
hbar = 4π * 1 * (4.803204712 x 10^-10 esu)^2 / 2.997924580 x 10^10 cm/s
hbar = 9.670554000 x 10^-29 erg-s

alpha = 4π*e^2/2*h*c
alpha = 4π * (4.803204712 x 10^-10 esu)^2 / 2.000000000 x 10^0 rad/sr * 6.626070150 x 10−27 erg-s/rad * 2.997924580 x 10^10 cm/s
alpha = 7.297352566 x 10^-3 sr

hbar = 2*h*alpha
hbar = 2.000000000 x 10^0 rad/sr * 6.626070150 x 10−27 erg-s/rad * 7.297352566 x 10^-3 sr
hbar = 9.670554000 x 10^-29 erg-s

alpha = hbar/2*h
alpha = 9.670554000 x 10^-29 erg-s / 2.000000000 x 10^0 rad/sr * 6.626070150 x 10^-27 erg-s/rad
alpha = 7.297352566 x 10^-3 sr

h = hbar/2*alpha
h = 9.670554000 x 10^-29 erg-s / 2.000000000 x 10^0 rad/sr * 7.297352566 x 10^-3 sr
h = 6.626070150 x 10−27 erg-s/rad

MKS
--
k = hbar*c/4π*e^2
k = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s * 2.997924580 x 10^8 m/s / 4π * (1.602176634 x 10^-19 A-s)^2
k = 8.987551787 x 10^9 kg-m^3/4π-A^2-s^4

e^2 = hbar*c/4π*k
e^2 = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s * 2.997924580 x 10^8 m/s / 4π * 8.987551787 x 10^9 kg-m^3/4π-A^2-s^4
e^2 = (1.602176634 x 10^-19 A-s)^2

hbar = 4π*k*e^2/c
hbar = 4π * 8.987551787 x 10^9 kg-m^3/4π-A^2-s^4 * (1.602176634 x 10^-19 A-s)^2 / 2.997924580 x 10^8 m/s
hbar = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s

alpha = e^2/2*e0*h*c
alpha = (1.602176634 x 10^-19 A-s)^2 / 2.000000000 x 10^0 rad/sr * 8.854187817 x 10^-12 A^2-s^4/kg-m^3 * 6.626070150 x 10^-34 kg-m^2/s-rad * 2.997924580 x 10^8 m/s
alpha = 7.297352566 x 10^-3 sr

hbar = 2*h*alpha
hbar = 2.000000000 x 10^0 rad/sr * 6.626070150 x 10^-34 kg-m^2/s-rad * 7.297352566 x 10^-3 sr
hbar = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s

alpha = hbar/2*h
alpha = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s / 2.000000000 x 10^0 rad/sr * 6.626070150 x 10^-34 kg-m^2/s-rad
alpha = 7.297352566 x 10^-3 sr

h = hbar/2*alpha
h = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s / 2.000000000 x 10^0 rad/sr * 7.297352566 x 10^-3 sr
h = 6.626070150 x 10^-34 kg-m^2/s-rad
________________________________________________

So:

Denke (hbar) is action; Planck (h) is angular;

hbar = quantum of action = 9.670554000 x 10^-29 erg-s
h = quantum of angular = 6.626070150 x 10−27 erg-s/rad
hbar = quantum of action = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s
h = quantum of angular = 6.626070150 x 10^-34 kg-m^2/s-rad

That, precisely.

Mr Person said:

So:

What does it have to do with gravitons, specifically?

Click to expand...

We have been measuring Graviton density and Graviton frequency
for 154 years; Specifically, they are everywhere in formulae.
My great-grandfather's Formulae Names are as follows:

GRAVITY DENSITY MATTER!

Quantum f^2 Frequency
frequency = (G*d)^1/2 - Denke formula
current = [(G*d)^1/2]*charge - Lucifer formula
force = [(G*d)^1/2]*momentum - Devil formula
energy = [(G*d)^1/2]*h - Satan formula
power = [(G*d)^1/2]*energy - Iblis formula

PHYSICS LAWS MATTER!

Graviton-Photon Energy
Energy = [(G*d)^1/2]*2h*alpha - Krishna formula
Energy = [(G*d)^1/2]*hbar - Moses formula
Energy = [(G*d)^1/2]*e^2*z0 - Aaron formula
Energy = [(G*d)^1/2]*e^2/e0*c - Laozi formula
Energy = [(G*d)^1/2]*e^2*u0*c - Gautama formula

MATH LAWS MATTER!

Graviton-Photon Mass
mass = [(G*d)^1/2]*2h*alpha/c^2 - Jesus formula
mass = [(G*d)^1/2]*hbar/c^2 - Muhammad formula
mass = [(G*d)^1/2]*e^2*z0/c^2 - Ali formula
mass = [(G*d)^1/2]*e^2/e0*c^3 - Smith formula
mass = [(G*d)^1/2]*e^2*u0/c - Moroni formula

(G-Diary,1886)

Friedrich Wilhelm Denke
(b. 1864 - d. 1936)
Waldenburg

MEASUREMENTS MATTER!
Universal Magnetic Reversals - Denke (hbar) is action; Planck (h) is angular;
Greetings, your Quantum’s off, – Mishkan @ Heelstone
Universal Magnetic Reversals
Stonehenge Armageddon Prospect – Gold, Silver, Brass, Iron, Wood, Bone, Concrete below Heel Stone
Garry Denke – Old story, New names
https://helestone.wordpress.com/
https://gdenke.wordpress.com/

Denke (hbar) is action; Planck (h) is angular;

hbar = quantum of action = 9.670554000 x 10^-29 erg-s
h = quantum of angular = 6.626070150 x 10−27 erg-s/rad
hbar = quantum of action = 9.670554000 x 10^-36 kg-m^2/s
h = quantum of angular = 6.626070150 x 10^-34 kg-m^2/s-rad

Mr Person said:

:shock:

What in the precise ****?

Click to expand...

So:

That, precisely. QM & GR, united.

CGS
--
alpha ≠ e^2/hbar*c
hbar ≠ e^2/alpha*c
e^2 ≠ hbar*alpha*c

Who's the Moron that

alpha = e^2/hbar*c
hbar = e^2/alpha*c
e^2 = hbar*alpha*c

Made these up?

BIPM and NIST said 'the Moron' was:

Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics. He served as doctoral supervisor for many Nobel Prize winners in physics and chemistry (only J. J. Thomson's record of mentorship is comparable to his). He introduced the 2nd quantum number (azimuthal quantum number) and the 3rd quantum number (magnetic quantum number). He also introduced the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory.

"energy = [(G*d)^1/2]*action - Satan formula"

Correction: "action", not "h".