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This is a schematic drawing of human hemoglobin, a polypeptide of 574 amino acid residues, two alpha chains of 141 residues each and two beta chains of 146 residues each.
The original synthesis of hemoglobin, whether very fast, or very slow, involved the precise consecutive addition of one specific amino acid to the chain being constructed. Since there are 20 different amino acids in human polypeptides, and 19 of those have both D and L forms, there are 39 possible choices in assembling the next link in the sequence, or 1/39 x 1/39 x 1/39 …. (141 +146) times. This equates to 1 chance in 10456.
Moreover, this calculation does not even take into account:
The probability of folding the chain in a precise manner
The possibility of forming a non-peptide linkage instead of the peptide linkage. They are about equally probable from an evolutionary standpoint.
Evolutionary biologist, Richard Dawkins, claims that any event with a probability of 1 in 1040 “impossible.” But one chance in 10456 is just the start. It gets worse. Much, much worse.
This is only one of the many hundreds of polypeptides (proteins and enzymes) in the human body. Many proteins are much larger and more complex than hemoglobin.
Not only that, but also the process of “selection” always cited by evolutionists as the driving force for Darwinism, demands a preferential advantage conferred by any random mutation in order for evolution to proceed. Therefore, of the 10456 different possible steps in the gradual synthesis of this particular polypeptide, there had to be an incomprehensibly large number of selectable functions, or uses. These functions have never been documented by evolutionary biologists even to the slightest degree. They simply cannot be. Richard Dawkins’ favorite explanation for evolution and polypeptide synthesis is “A>B>C.” Sometimes he gets really sophisticated and adds “>D”. This isn’t science. It’s alphabeticization.
The probability of building a chain of 574 amino acids in which all linkages are peptide linkages is ½ to the 573th power or 1 chance in 10172.
Combining just these two factors, and not counting the folding possibilities, which represents yet another daunting hurdle, we get 10456 times 10172
or 10628 combinations of sequence, chirality, and bond. Only 1 of these 10628 different combinations represents normal human hemoglobin.
As a means of comparing a number as enormous as 10628 , remember that the number of fundamental particles in the universe is approximately 1080. And Dawkins defined "impossible" as one chance in 1040.
So amazing is the functional complexity of hemoglobin that it defies LeChatlier's Principle, a fundamental rule in chemistry, by binding each of four successive molecules of oxygen more tightly than the previous one bound. In polyprotic acids, for example, each successive hydronium ion is bound orders of magnitude less tightly than the previous hydronium ion.
Carbonic acid Ka
H2CO3 4.4×10–7
HC03– 4.7×10–11
Frog + Kiss (by Princess) = Prince ----- Fairy Tale
Frog + millions of years = Prince ------ science
_________________________
Not only must random mutation have accounted for a statistically impossible sequence of amino acid residues , but that process of synthesizing the molecule required folding at each step into a unique and tortuous configuration that would be functional and specific:
This is just ONE polypeptide, and not a particularly large one at that. Multiply this impossibility by at least 2,000 and then get back to me with specifics on how the Magic Wand of Selection did all of them. Not generalities. Not vague mumbo jumbo. Not A>B>C>D. Specifics.
The original synthesis of hemoglobin, whether very fast, or very slow, involved the precise consecutive addition of one specific amino acid to the chain being constructed. Since there are 20 different amino acids in human polypeptides, and 19 of those have both D and L forms, there are 39 possible choices in assembling the next link in the sequence, or 1/39 x 1/39 x 1/39 …. (141 +146) times. This equates to 1 chance in 10456.
Moreover, this calculation does not even take into account:
The probability of folding the chain in a precise manner
The possibility of forming a non-peptide linkage instead of the peptide linkage. They are about equally probable from an evolutionary standpoint.
Evolutionary biologist, Richard Dawkins, claims that any event with a probability of 1 in 1040 “impossible.” But one chance in 10456 is just the start. It gets worse. Much, much worse.
This is only one of the many hundreds of polypeptides (proteins and enzymes) in the human body. Many proteins are much larger and more complex than hemoglobin.
Not only that, but also the process of “selection” always cited by evolutionists as the driving force for Darwinism, demands a preferential advantage conferred by any random mutation in order for evolution to proceed. Therefore, of the 10456 different possible steps in the gradual synthesis of this particular polypeptide, there had to be an incomprehensibly large number of selectable functions, or uses. These functions have never been documented by evolutionary biologists even to the slightest degree. They simply cannot be. Richard Dawkins’ favorite explanation for evolution and polypeptide synthesis is “A>B>C.” Sometimes he gets really sophisticated and adds “>D”. This isn’t science. It’s alphabeticization.
The probability of building a chain of 574 amino acids in which all linkages are peptide linkages is ½ to the 573th power or 1 chance in 10172.
Combining just these two factors, and not counting the folding possibilities, which represents yet another daunting hurdle, we get 10456 times 10172
or 10628 combinations of sequence, chirality, and bond. Only 1 of these 10628 different combinations represents normal human hemoglobin.
As a means of comparing a number as enormous as 10628 , remember that the number of fundamental particles in the universe is approximately 1080. And Dawkins defined "impossible" as one chance in 1040.
So amazing is the functional complexity of hemoglobin that it defies LeChatlier's Principle, a fundamental rule in chemistry, by binding each of four successive molecules of oxygen more tightly than the previous one bound. In polyprotic acids, for example, each successive hydronium ion is bound orders of magnitude less tightly than the previous hydronium ion.
Carbonic acid Ka
H2CO3 4.4×10–7
HC03– 4.7×10–11
Frog + Kiss (by Princess) = Prince ----- Fairy Tale
Frog + millions of years = Prince ------ science
_________________________
Not only must random mutation have accounted for a statistically impossible sequence of amino acid residues , but that process of synthesizing the molecule required folding at each step into a unique and tortuous configuration that would be functional and specific:
This is just ONE polypeptide, and not a particularly large one at that. Multiply this impossibility by at least 2,000 and then get back to me with specifics on how the Magic Wand of Selection did all of them. Not generalities. Not vague mumbo jumbo. Not A>B>C>D. Specifics.
