Respectfully, Joko, you seem to know so much about it . . . where did you get your information? Mine is anecdotal.
Media editorial commenting - meaning I really could be really off. I'll try to find out more and will acknowledge I'm been inaccurate if I have.
As for the $175 cost, what hospitals charge doesn't necessarily reflect their costs. Its just what hospitals charge.
The real problem we are seeing - we are in an area of Florida where seniors are the majority of the population - is about the psychology of doctors - which I think is predictable. Most doctors do NOT work in hospitals. Around here it is almost impossible to find a doctor that will work ER or at the hospital - though there is a notably large number of doctors per population around here due to the number of seniors. However, most seniors are middle class or higher, meaning do have insurance and most do have $$.
Doctors want to be doctors. And then paid to be doctors. They want to make doctoring decisions themselves. They don't want to fight for their money, they don't want to fill out piles of claims forms, and particularly don't want to fight with the government just to get paid - or wait months for their money. That is very real to them.
Here's a personal example. The ONLY time I had ever been to a doctor was on my wife's request for a routine physical - which I'd never had. Her total medical bills just in the last few years goes well over a million, but that's another matter. At that physical, to my surprise the doctor(s) said I have a very serious heart condition likely due to childhood injury(s). My heart was so dislocated or bounced around or whatever that key veins were increasingly being restricted, which could lead to sudden heart failure. In short, they wanted to install "stints" - rare for someone my age. Cost? $28,000. They would not do it for free if we were poor.
My wife had never been to a heart specialist or any related care, so it began with the usual "who do you have insurance with?" Answer, "none, but we can pay." That instantly dropped to $14,000 for not having to deal with insurance.
For $14,000 in 3 weeks they could do the surgery, provided a payment plan reached with at least a couple thousand down and assuming I had decent credit. "No, I will be paying in cash. 20s or 100s, whichever you prefer," telling them let me think about it before giving a final decision on the surgery. The nurse called later that day, saying it would be $7000 if in "cash" and they could do the surgery the day after tomorrow if I decided to have it done. Cash eliminated bill collecting, payment plans, reporting to credit bureaus etc - in short assurance of being paid in full up front with no money-paperwork other than a receipt on different than shopping at a store.
The surgery went fine and I was out the next AM. Yes, I did go back for followup. Everything A-OK.
$28,000 down to $7000 because of there is no paperwork other than a receipt for cash and the doctor(s) and facility know for certain they are going to be paid because they are paid cash before they start. I was offering exactly what the doctors/professionals wanted. To do their job, get paid and be done with it - just like any other business person. We know that from my wife and children - we always pay cash - and we are never turned down, never a delay, and always only a fraction of what others pay thru insurance or medicare/cad
There is an inherent destructive force anytime restrictive rules - particularly requiring paperwork, fines, reductions in pay and delay or uncertainly in pay becomes involved. Doctors hate all complexities outside being a doctor, hate paperwork, hate overseers, hate being bill collectors and don't like additional burdens and risks being put on them. Since there are far more patients than there are doctors, they don't feel like they have to be beggars for their fees.
Personally, I believe the entire indigent and medicare system should be totally revamped, and in some regards the entire medical system including education for medical professionals. But that is a different topic. The #1 problem is to increase the number of doctors and medical professionals - an entirely different topic and problem area.