kaya said:
Considering such things where achieved under Hitlers or Stalins reign, people tend to give credit to the leader of these regimes, even though he isnt the only one admired for his statesmanship (where it is due). Nobody can deny Joseph Goebbels was a fantastic propaganda machine.
Its not a realistic prospect to break it all down and give you the names of every individual politician responsible or whatever. I dont even know why you bothering making this argument.
The argument I am making (sorry if it was unclear) is not
simply that one must name the names of every single individual involved, but rather that underlying all of the decisions of the Soviet bureaucracy (as an example) and even of Stalin himself there are very powerful
social forces at work which are the cause of these actions. Stalin was part of a massive state bureaucracy whose relation to the rest of the Soviet people and those various classes/strata which they comprised was constantly shifting, and even within the bureaucracy itself there were conflicting interests and constant shifts in internal relations.
When one simply talks about Stalin they are leaving out the rest of the story entirely (except for me, as when I say "Stalin" I am presuming all of this, FYI); in order to understand how Stalin came into power and what the decisions of the politburo were at the time one must also understand all the circumstances surrounding these actions, the balance of forces at the time, and their relations.
The degeneration of the Bolshevik party and the USSR were due to a whole variety of extremely complex issues that is essentially impossible to pin down to "Stalin did/said/decreed xyz".
The same goes with Hitler and every other dictator.
In the end there is the realization that none of this would have been possible without such leaders, they brought it together, they capitalized and did something at the time and changed the course of many people. That is why they deserve the credits, ultimately it is of there doing when it falls down to it.
To say that none of it would have been possible without these specific individuals is just as empty a statement as saying its opposite. This is going into the territory of alternative history, which is in my opinion an ultimately pointless road to travel.
A more important question to ask is
how did these leaders come into power? What were the forces and the sequence of events that led to their rise?
The bureaucratization of the USSR was certainly well under way with or without Stalin as an individual, so why was he the one that ultimately ended up on top? I think Trotsky said it best:
The entire effort of Stalin, with whom at that time Zinoviev and Kamenev were working hand in hand, was thenceforth directed to freeing the party machine from the control of the rank-and-file members of the party.
In this struggle for “stability” of the Central Committee, Stalin proved the most consistent and reliable among his colleagues. He had no need to tear himself away from international problems; he had never been concerned with them. The petty bourgeois outlook of the new ruling stratum was his own outlook. He profoundly believed that the task of creating socialism was national and administrative in its nature. He looked upon the Communist International as a necessary evil would should be used so far as possible for the purposes of foreign policy. His own party kept a value in his eyes merely as a submissive support for the machine.
Trotsky, Leon
The Revolution Betrayed
The same holds true with Germany. With the pitiful failure of the communists the balance of forces shifted sharply to the right, which is what allowed the Nazi's to gain the upper hand.
I'm not trying to say, however, that these individuals had absolutely no role in their personal lives; they were freely thinking human beings and were able to choose and act as they so decided. However, it is the
combination of their actions/ideologies and the material circumstances of the time that got them to where they were able to get to. As an extreme example, I think we can both agree that a Hitler would not be able to get into power in the US in the next week or so, no matter how great of a propagandist he is.