I can't fit on your lists very well, but I know it is hard to put something like this down as a list and be even remotely comprehensive.
On the one hand I believe every soul has infinite value, because when the material universe no longer exists, that immortal soul will remain: a work of perfection and beauty beyond conception, or a horror beyond imagining, depending on the individual's path.
On the other, more pragmatic, side, yes I believe some lives have more value than others, and yes I believe we can make such choices: both as societies, and as individuals. Indeed I believe we are morally obligated to make such choices in some situations.
If you are a triage nurse after a disaster, and there isn't enough medical care to go around, you'll have to make choices. In triage, you make those choices based on who is badly hurt, and who has a reasonable chance of survival. What if you had half a dozen people who could be saved with immediate surgery, but only one surgeon available? You'd have to choose based on the value of the life.
An otherwise healthy child is of probably of greater importance than a very old person whose life is near its end anyway. The child likely has so much more life ahead of them, so much more potential, so many more opportunities to do good things.
A self-made man whose innovations and enterpreneurship revolutionized an industry, like Bill Gates, is probably of more value than someone who inherited their wealth, let alone a homeless alcoholic. The potential for the former to do more good in the world is much higher.
Someone who spends much energy serving others is more important than someone who serves only their self. The former brings happiness to many, the latter seeks only his own.
A person with four young children is probably more important than a person with no children. The former has more people depending on him financially, emotionally and otherwise.
You'll notice I'm saying "probably". We can't see the future, we can only judge based on probabilities... and occasionally we'll be wrong, and have to live with that.
A doctor is more important than a lawyer. Come on now, you know that one was easy. :mrgreen:
A person who seeks to do good to others is more important than someone who maliciously harms the innocent. The man who lets a serial killer escape because he won't scruple to get blood on his own hands is a moral coward who puts his personal scrupulousness above the good of the many, above the blood of the innocent.
Many people live out their lives and never have to be "the chooser of the slain", the person who decides whose life has more value, who lives and who dies. Those people are fortunate, but sometimes someone does have to choose. Refusing to choose is also a choice, but a poor one.