The reference on this point is written by a guy who writes for Breitbart, but even in his write-up, the study suddenly sounds a lot more reasonable. The study is looking at ways that alcohol consumption among sex workers (including, but not limited to, prostitutes) influences rates of HIV infection, and finding possible avenues of interruption. The point is to find ways to stem the spread of disease, and that will directly benefit the U.S. If this study ultimately prevents, say, 200 instances of HIV infection, it will have been money well-spent. I feel fairly confident that similarly complicating factors will be found on most of the other items on the list.
On an entirely different note: all this "waste" just puts money back into the economy. It creates jobs where none were before--jobs the private sector would probably not create with the same money. This is a well-known and easily-understood point: businesses only hire people when they have enough customers to warrant doing so, and the wealthy can only purchase so many widgets. Without government "waste," money would tend to flow upwards and just stay parked in various investment instruments.