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Economics Inflation Accelerates; In June, the Consumer Price Index rose 1.1%. Over the past 12 months, headline inflation has now reached 5....

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Inflation Accelerates

In June, the Consumer Price Index rose 1.1%. Over the past 12 months, headline inflation has now reached 5.0%. That is the highest annual reading since February 1991 when inflation came to 5.3%. Core inflation (excluding food and energy prices) ticked up to an annual rate of 2.4% as the monthly increase came to 0.3%, which exceeded the consensus economic forecast of 0.2%.

In the wake of the Fed’s substantial easing of monetary policy beginning last September under which the federal funds rate was slashed by 325 basis points from 5.25% to 2.00%, inflation has been increasing. Over the course of 2008, particularly following the 125 basis point reduction in interest rates over an 8-day period in January, inflation has been accelerating.

Annualized Inflation Rate for the 6-Month Period Ended:
January 2008: 2.7%
February 2008: 3.7%
March 2008: 4.9%
April 2008: 5.7%
May 2008: 6.2%
June 2008: 8.5%

If one examines the annual inflation rate over the past 5 years (June 2003-June 2008), one finds that the inflation rate was generally rising during periods of negative real interest rates and falling during positive real interest rates (periods divided by light blue vertical lines on the graph). The real federal funds rate is now -3.0%. The periods marked by red vertical lines indicate periods of rate hikes, rate reductions and rate pauses.



Considering a likely continuation of the Fed’s overly accommodative (negative real rates) monetary policy, there is likely a growing danger that an adverse inflation-inflation expectations feedback loop could develop.



It should be noted that the Fed continues to possess the capacity to provide liquidity where it is needed in a monetarily neutral fashion. Therefore, were the Fed to undertake a modest 25 to 50 bp interest rate hike at its next meeting (August 5), it could do so without depriving the financial sector of needed liquidity.

Right now, given the economic uncertainty, I would favor a 25 bp rise in August and a more gradual path of rate hikes through the rest of the year with the federal funds rate having been increased by 50 to 100 bp by year-end. However, odds presently favor no rate hikes whatsoever, even as inflation quickens.
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Old 07-16-08, 11:02 AM   #2 (permalink)
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Re: Inflation Accelerates

I've been reading a blog written by a deflationist. This individual has been writing about deflation for a couple years. He has convinced me that we are experiencing deflation not inflation. Of course he defines inflation and deflation as the expansion and contraction of the money supply. He follows the Austrian method that focuses on money supply rather than prices.

He has detailed several reasons why prices and CPI are a poor indicator. One, what factors influence price. How much does each factor influence price? Different factors affect different items and so on. For instance, I don't think anyone on this board would deny that oil and food are rising for reasons other than inflation and a falling dollar. What percentage of the price increase is due to supply, demand, weather, politics and falling dollar no one knows. So it is ridiculous to suggest that food, energy and other consumer price increases are a worthwhile barometer of anything.

Second, CPI and government inflation data focuses on a small portion of items in our economy. What about housing? How can you claim price increases when home values are down so much. Billions have been written off by banks. Do these price changes not matter to inflation index? The increases in food and energy pale in comparison to the loses in housing and commercial real estate.

Check out these articles from Mish's Global Economic Trend Analysis. This blog is excellent. You may not agree with him, but the read is worthwhile none the less.

Mish's Global Economic Trend Analysis: Bernanke's Hogwash

Mish's Global Economic Trend Analysis: Attitudes Lead, The CPI Lags

Mish's Global Economic Trend Analysis: Now Presenting: Deflation!
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Old 07-16-08, 11:07 AM   #3 (permalink)
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Re: Inflation Accelerates

Bernanke seems more interested in getting the economy moving before the next election than curbing inflation. IMO it's a dangerous game to play with inflation as we witnessed in the 70s.

I don't have a problem with the Fed easing money policy in relation to the economy, but keeping inflation at bay has to be its first priority.
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Old 07-16-08, 11:28 AM   #4 (permalink)
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Re: Inflation Accelerates

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Originally Posted by Iriemon View Post
Bernanke seems more interested in getting the economy moving before the next election than curbing inflation. IMO it's a dangerous game to play with inflation as we witnessed in the 70s.

I don't have a problem with the Fed easing money policy in relation to the economy, but keeping inflation at bay has to be its first priority.

I don't think it has anything to do with the election. I think he is doing the most he can with a very bad set of circumstances.

He would have raised the interest rate a long time ago if it were not for the fact banks and lending institutions were in deep with bunk mortgages that were carelessly invested in. Were the interest rate not lowered to where it is now, there would be a strong likelihood of tremendous economic turmoil as these institutions crashed without ability to borrow and rebuild at a low interest rate.

The real problem was the lack of supervision earlier by Greenspan, and the corrupt legislation passed by congress and the president which allowed this mess to occur.
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Old 07-16-08, 12:13 PM   #5 (permalink)
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Thread Starter Re: Inflation Accelerates

Quote:
Originally Posted by AndrewC View Post
I've been reading a blog written by a deflationist. This individual has been writing about deflation for a couple years. He has convinced me that we are experiencing deflation not inflation. Of course he defines inflation and deflation as the expansion and contraction of the money supply. He follows the Austrian method that focuses on money supply rather than prices.
By the definition that Mish uses concerning money supply, it may be possible for him to argue that the macroeconomic environment is deflationary when the price data shows inflation. However, having said that, the monetary base (M1 and M2) continues to expand not contract. Derived figures for M3, which is no longer reported, also shows a continuing expansion.

Quote:
He has detailed several reasons why prices and CPI are a poor indicator. One, what factors influence price. How much does each factor influence price? Different factors affect different items and so on. For instance, I don't think anyone on this board would deny that oil and food are rising for reasons other than inflation and a falling dollar. What percentage of the price increase is due to supply, demand, weather, politics and falling dollar no one knows. So it is ridiculous to suggest that food, energy and other consumer price increases are a worthwhile barometer of anything.
The Consumer Price Index is merely one price indicator albeit a widely watched one. The data gives the weights for the basket of goods that is referenced. One can get broader price data from the GDP reports and from the personal consumption expenditures reports.

Quote:
Second, CPI and government inflation data focuses on a small portion of items in our economy. What about housing? How can you claim price increases when home values are down so much. Billions have been written off by banks. Do these price changes not matter to inflation index? The increases in food and energy pale in comparison to the loses in housing and commercial real estate.
In my opinion, a broader price index that includes asset valuations should be employed. While some would argue that home prices or stock prices should not be treated as inflation per se, I disagree. If consumer spending (consumption and investment) is increasing faster than income (as happens in credit booms), and the excess isn't showing up in higher inflation, it is feeding a rise in asset prices. When asset bubbles implode, they inflict economic damage. Per IMF research, real estate bubbles typically inflict about twice the damage in terms of lost output (GDP) and their adverse impact lasts about twice as long as that associated with stock market bubbles.

Unfortunately, monetary policy is too blunt a tool to deal with asset bubbles. Smart regulation can play a role in reducing the prospects, though not necessarily preventing, the rise of such bubbles.

I am familiar with Mish's blog. With respect to the interest rate trends he sites in his piece "Now Presenting: Deflation!" much of the downward trend one has witnessed has resulted from Fed rate reductions (this impact applies particularly to the shorter-end of the yield curve) and expectations for an economic slowdown. Fed Chairman Bernanke is an expert on the Great Depression. The Great Depression was a deflationary event and he has been worried about the implosion of the housing bubble setting off a deflationary debt spiral.

The implosion of bubbles is deflationary. However, what makes this bubble implosion different from Japan's situation (real estate and stock bubbles imploded almost simultaneously), is that it occurs in the midst of a broader inflationary macroeconomic environment. At this time, inflation expectations are rising, monetary policy is not constrained by the gold standard, and aggregate supply-demand interactions on a global basis are helping fuel some of the inflation.

Last edited by donsutherland1 : 07-16-08 at 12:51 PM.
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