I think many people look at these big cities with their illiteracy rates and will instantly, and unjustifiably blame democrats or any politician. Fact of the matter is, inner-city blacks typically will come from very broken families, with bad family support, or parents that alternatively have to work extra hard to make ends meet. I look at Covington, KY where I lived for awhile and is right across the river from Cincinnati at Holmes high school. Not only has the student body improved in state testing and done better academically due to radical changes and accepting the realities of today's society, Holmes also won the state championship in 2009 so athletically they do very well also.
I lived in Gallatin County a very rural part of Kentucky for quite some time, vast majority white, and they had bad testing and illiteracy problems as well. However these problems didn't stem from family problems, rather (and I'm being serious) an interest in moon shining, agriculture, and an over all consensus amongst student that the dumber you were, the better you were. There is a lot of bad things that go on in all kinds of communities when it comes to education, any party trying to narrow it down to the opposing party being at fault is just silly.