Many blacks, like their white counterparts, became landowning farmers and participants in the local affairs of society. A few black masters owned slaves in West Africa and transported their slaves to the New World (Johnson & Roark, 1984). Although such cases were rare, they serve to reaffirm that slavery initially was not based on skin color.
Other black masters were former slaves who were emancipated for meritorious military duty, faithful service, saving a life, and other such reasons (Halliburton, 1976; Koger, 1995). Some slaves were able to buy their freedom and that of their relatives or friends by spending years working on Sundays and doing extra work after their "normal" working hours.
The rights of blacks to own slaves were always a matter of contention and depended upon place and time. In some instances being unable to manumit their loved ones, some black masters were forced to hold their kinsmen and friends as nominal slaves (Koger, 1995). In 1833, a Supreme Court decision settled the matter regarding the rights of free Blacks to own slaves. Judge Daniel speaking for the Court rendered the following decision: "By the laws of this State [North Carolina] a free man of color may own land and hold land and personal property including slaves…." A good number of black slave owners obtained the capital to buy slaves through their own industry and their work as artisans, entrepreneurs, and even as unskilled laborers. Selective manumission, absence of large-scale European immigration to the slave states and long-standing reliance on black slave labor produced a highly skilled free black population that enjoyed a higher economic standing than those in the free states. Some of these free blacks purchased slaves and moved into the planter class (Koger, 1995, p. 88).