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Also bear in mind that Dhimmitude was a protected status exempting Christians and Jews from military conscription and the taxes that Muslims had to pay.
While I agree the dhimmi system was rather tolerent for it's time, especially compared to what was going on in europe, it hardly presented some modern, enlightened view of other monastic religions (and the treatment of polytheists is a whole different matter)
the people of the book, or scriptuaries, are the jews, sabians, and christians who believed in Allah butm according to muslim creed, who distorted their scriptures and fell in Allah's disfavor. When allah sent the last of his prophets to call them to the truth, they accepted belief in allah, but not his prophet or the quran. hence the scriptuaries like the polytheists must be punished; but since they believed in Allah, they are only partially liable to punishment
war and peace in the law of islam, Majid Khadduri, pge 80