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From what I understand of the original intent of the commerce clause it was supposed to keep trade fair amongst the states by allowing the federal to settle disputes. Such disputes that may exist would be for example if Louisiana charged California three times as much for oil than it would New York or Florida without justification such as shipping costs, any hazards that must be accounted for, etc. What I hate about politicians is that as soon as they feel like they can get away with it they misinterpret themselves more power and as such the ninth and tenth amendments have become so twisted and abused that they are weak and unintelligible.Whether or not the effect is substantial is irrelevant. The states did not delegate to congress the power to regulate any activity that might effect (either substantially or unsubstantially) commerce among the states. The states only delegated congress the power to regulate actual commerce among the states. This means that everything that is not actual commerce among the state, as in goods being shopped from one state to the next, is to be regulated not by congress, but by the state within which the activity occurs.
So, for example. If I grow wheat in my backyard, it may or may not have some effect on commerce among the states. But whether it does or not is not relevant. Congress may only regulate how I ship this wheat to another state.
"Commerce among the states", not "Anything that might have some effect on commerce among the states."
There's a clear difference, and only the first of those appears in the constitution.