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Huntsman on evolution, warming: 'Call me crazy'

IF you are actually a scientist with the advanced training required to rationally challenge the accepted wisdom. But it is the height of folly for someone who is not so trained (you or I, for instance) to imagine that we can know better than the vast majority of experts who have dedicated their lives to this pursuit.
If you spent any time in academia, you would see that the real number of true "experts" on something like this is rather small. Dedicating one's life to the study of wind patterns or modeling theory hardly makes you an expert on everything that goes into a theory of global warming.

I know many highly regarded, published scientists who don't understand some of the basic fundamentals of how science works being discussed in this thread. The have vast, specialized knowledge in their chosen area of study, but never took the time or an interest in scientific fundamentals. They simply adopted the paradigm of their major advisor, began doing research, and never looked back.
 
No, he won't appeal to the "base" because he's an unashamed moderate across the board in an election where people are looking for a conservative.

Conservative these days means something different than it used to. :shrug:
 
Conservative these days means something different than it used to. :shrug:

Political labels change their meaning constantly. But Huntsman isn't a conservative and wouldn't have been under most old definitions; he's not really trying to bill himself as one, anyways.
 
Political labels change their meaning constantly. But Huntsman isn't a conservative and wouldn't have been under most old definitions; he's not really trying to bill himself as one, anyways.

He'd qualify pretty well under the fiscal conservative heading. Far better than most people who claim the title of "conservative" actually. Hasn't he had a budget surplus year after year since he has been governor?

What makes you think he isn't conservative under most definitions?
 
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Surfacing didn't make them vulnerable until man learned to hunt whales. Kind of tough to expect them to evolve gills in five or ten thousand years.

Ummmm...Tell me how a tooth suddenly starts to sprout hairs and becomes a survival advantage as it evolves into baleen..ie baleen whale? At some point, it becomes ineffective at catching larger fish and is not yet effective at straining out plankton. Yet somehow the tooth continues to change and adapt. Not just in one family line but in enough to supply sufficient genetic diversity for a species to arise. And do it with other animals living in the same water eating the same food and not changing???
 
He'd qualify pretty well under the fiscal conservative heading. Far better than most people who claim the title of "conservative" actually. Hasn't he had a budget surplus year after year since he has been governor?

What makes you think he isn't conservative under most definitions?

I was mostly going by his support of the stimulus (he said it wasn’t big enough), huge spending increases as governor (though like you said, he still somehow managed to balance the budget), and support of cap & trade as making him more of a fiscal moderate. But now that I’m looking at his record, it seems like he’s more conservative than he bills himself off as. Which is kind of weird; if he wanted to I’m sure he really could claim to be more fiscally conservative than most of the others running (I think he might be the only one yet to really embrace Paul Ryan’s plan), yet he seems determined to be the media’s darling for being the only “sane” (i.e. moderate) candidate in the race.
For some reason most descriptions of his views - both by conservatives and liberals - label him as more of a technocrat uninterested in shrinking the size of government; there must be something to that, though I wish I could find more details to prove it.
 
Oh I believe in the science of GW... just not the right science, according to some. The implication of Huntsman's statement was basically that he was pro-science, and anyone who disagreed with him was anti-science in some way.

no, huntsman implied that rick perry was anti-science, and he seems to be just that.
 
I was mostly going by his support of the stimulus (he said it wasn’t big enough), huge spending increases as governor (though like you said, he still somehow managed to balance the budget), and support of cap & trade as making him more of a fiscal moderate. But now that I’m looking at his record, it seems like he’s more conservative than he bills himself off as. Which is kind of weird; if he wanted to I’m sure he really could claim to be more fiscally conservative than most of the others running (I think he might be the only one yet to really embrace Paul Ryan’s plan), yet he seems determined to be the media’s darling for being the only “sane” (i.e. moderate) candidate in the race.
For some reason most descriptions of his views - both by conservatives and liberals - label him as more of a technocrat uninterested in shrinking the size of government; there must be something to that, though I wish I could find more details to prove it.

He said the stimulus wasn't geared towards things that would really stimulate the economy, though, and he was right about that. He actually wanted it to be used towards corporate tax cuts and infrastructure, which is a more conservative use of the funding than what actually occurred. He has also changed his position on cap and trade.

To me, a conservative must also be practical. The government itself is not the enemy. Instead, the enemy is impractical use of government, especially in the realm of spending. His ability to maintain a surplus and keep a balanced budget is a sign that his increased spending has been used practically for a beneficial purpose (in a fiscally responsible fashion). Fiscal responsibility is what has been missing from both parties now for decades. Huntsman appears to live off of the concept of fiscal responsibility. there is a lot of lip service paid towards fiscal responsibility form each party, but certain people like Huntsman appear to spend more time actually doing it than talking about it.

Also, his comments thus far about state's rights are right up my alley, since he doesn't allow his personal views on teh aprticular issue involved to influence his position about state's rights (i.e. only supporting state's rights when it conforms to his own positions on the issue involved. Perry has done this as well).
 
No, he won't appeal to the "base" because he's an unashamed moderate across the board in an election where people are looking for a conservative.

That comment is so strikingly and glaringly false that it boggles my mind. Best governor in the COUNTRY on taxes (and that's during a time when Mr. Perry, Mr. Pawlenty, Mr. Romney, and Ms. Palin were all governors), one of the best consistently on business friendly legislation, decreased government spending as a percent of GDP. There's no way you can call him a fiscal moderate rather than a fiscal conservative. Just not accurate in the slightest
 
That comment is so strikingly and glaringly false that it boggles my mind. Best governor in the COUNTRY on taxes (and that's during a time when Mr. Perry, Mr. Pawlenty, Mr. Romney, and Ms. Palin were all governors), one of the best consistently on business friendly legislation, decreased government spending as a percent of GDP. There's no way you can call him a fiscal moderate rather than a fiscal conservative. Just not accurate in the slightest

If so you're pretty much the only self-described conservative I've heard from who thinks so. I'm not saying you're wrong - the more I look at it the more I think you might not be - just that if you're right, it's strange that we don't hear about it more often, and even stranger how much the media/Democrats seem to love the guy while he gets like 1% support among his actual party.
 
Post #51.
It was the result of a survey sent out to more than 3000 earth scientists: 97% of active climatologists agree that human activity is causing global warming : Deltoid.
Appeal to Validity of Consensus. Appeal to Authority.
the authority appealed to is actually an authority in the field under discussion, it's not a logical fallacy. It's only a logical fallacy when one appeals to a an expert in one field for his opinion on an unrelated matter.


Fallacy:
Citing Madonna's opinions on physics.
Citing Einsteain's opinions on pop-music.
Citing Alton Brown's opinion on global warming
Citing climate scientists' opinions on pizza toppings.


Not Fallacy:
Citing Einstein's opinion on physics.
Citing Madonna's opinions on pop-music.
Citing Alton Brown's opinion on pizza toppings.
Citing climate scientists' opinions on global warming.
 
That's an easy one, not everyone believes evolution to be as robust a theory. Surely you didn't mean to imply that because all are scientific theories, all should be treated with the same reverence.
Saying something is "just a theory" doesn't actual offer any rebuttal or hold much meaning as is evidenced by the things, like evolution, which are the basis for swaths of modern knowledge.
 
I was mostly going by his support of the stimulus (he said it wasn’t big enough)

Specifically, wanted larger amount of tax cuts in it

huge spending increases as governor (though like you said, he still somehow managed to balance the budget)

I question your use of "huge". That said, while the total amount of money spent increased, its percentage of GDP decreased unlike in previous years in Utah. His polices grew the private sector at a far quicker pace than government was growing and helped to make government less as a percentage of GDP by the time he left office. They were running a surplus, and his tax policies were bringing increased revenue. I'm not a huge fan of government spending, but we're being intellectually dishonest as conservatives if we're going to try to compare increasing spending while you're running deficits and greatly in debt (you know, Reagan did that. I guess he was a moderate?) and say its the same thing as raising it when you're already running a surprlus and having increases in revenue.

and support of cap & trade as making him more of a fiscal moderate.

What the hell does Cap & Trade have to do with fiscal policy? At most its more regarding governmental issues and the expansion of government. But lets say its fiscal since its affecting businesses. You're looking at this in such a black and white matter that his support for a SINGLE thing, which he has since backed away from supporting, somehow outweighs the actual evidence through the results of his policies of his primary actions towards business which is to remove legislation, lower taxes, and give them more self determination? Despite the Cap and Trade thing, Utah was still regularly listed as a top 3 place in the country to do business during an economic time where much of the country was doing horrendous. Judging him fiscally in regards to his stance on business on a SINGLE piece of legislation rather than looking at the sum of his parts is ridiculous and using that to claim he's a moderate is again, akin to saying we must declare Ronald Reagan a Moderate if he had ever done ONE thing in any area that was not directly in line with conservative thought.

But now that I’m looking at his record, it seems like he’s more conservative than he bills himself off as.

Dav, I'll be honest with you. I don't think he's more conservative than he bills himself as...I think he's more conservative than the conservative media and some of the more steadfast republicans bill him as. I think you've bought into the PERCEPTION while tricking yourself into thinking you bought into him.

He's moderate socially, at the best. And even then, while he's "moderate" on what to do with immigrants in this country he's decidedly conservative in his belief of "secure the border first" and then go from there. And he's okay with civil unions. On the flip he's "pro-life". Yet the civil union thing alone generally gets him termed a "moderate". What he bills himself as is essentially an individual, not a moderate. He's not just a cookie cutter conservative that does EVERYTHING the republicans think and isn't going to just agree with everything that's stereotypical to a republican...just because. He breaks with them here and there, such as on environmental issues, but for the most part is a pretty sound conservative.

Under this man and through his policies and those he supported Utah...

Increased GDP by 8%
Reduced government spending as a percent of GDP by 2%
Maintained a AAA Bond rating
Implemented health care reform that was market driven and focused on consumer choice
Implemented a flat tax
Implemented the largest tax cuts in the history of Utah (a traditionally pretty conservative state)
Created an environment that was routinely listed in the top 3, and at times as the #1, place in the country to do business

To me, that sounds like the type of results that I'd want to be seeing from our next President.

Which is kind of weird; if he wanted to I’m sure he really could claim to be more fiscally conservative than most of the others running (I think he might be the only one yet to really embrace Paul Ryan’s plan), yet he seems determined to be the media’s darling for being the only “sane” (i.e. moderate) candidate in the race.

He's only been in the running for a month and a half, the Media pushes what they want to push, and he's only been in one debate. During that debate he tried to focus on a few things he does well fiscally; mentioned the bond rating, the jobs, etc. What the media is going to cover and how they're going to portray him though isn't largely his choice. You know this. Conservatives often bitch how the media portrayed Bush and Palin for instance.

Huntsman could pose a significant challenge to Obama. He's got fiscal credentials that should win over any honest tea partier who is part of the movement for reasons that actually are supposedly the focus of the movement...fiscal issues. He's got a slightly more moderate stance on social issues that may attract some libertarians and democrats. He's got a record as an executive that is 180 degree's from the record Obama has as an executive. He's got executive experience, foreign policy experience, and private sector experience. He's also got a slight shield from some of the more over the top criticisms the Obama camp may want to throw out, as if you absolutely DESTROY Huntsman than it reflects poorly on Obama's judgement and honesty since he had selected him for an ambassador position in one of the most important spots in the global world.

Huntsman I honestly think could create a huge challenge to Obama...so what's the best way to make sure he's never going to sniff the election? Well, make him McCain II, the wishy washy moderate that the base obviously will hate.

For some reason most descriptions of his views - both by conservatives and liberals - label him as more of a technocrat uninterested in shrinking the size of government; there must be something to that, though I wish I could find more details to prove it.

He's not a Ron Paul, lets cut entire departments tomorrow, type of shrink the government. I think also his time in Utah gives a bad image of it. When your economy and revenues are growing so much that even if your spending increases its still, compared to the past, essentially smaller compared to the rest of your states spending the incentive, need, and reason to cut isn't there as much. That's an entirely different situation then the nation as a whole is facing. To give you an idea and an analogy...

In case one...You make $4000 a month, your bills and living expenses cost you $3200, you're paying $300 on minimum payments of credit cards, and you're spending $1000 on misc purchases and entertainment. Well, that means every month you're putting $500 on your credit card because you're spending too much, which raises slowly that minimum payment you have to pay as it compounds your debt.

In case two...You've managed to make $500 more a month, meaning $400. Your bills and living expenses still cost you $3200, but you're debt is far more manageable and from your past, so you only pay $25 a month on it. You however started adding a gym membership to your monthly expenditures, making you spend $1125 an misc purchases and entertainment. Now, rather than a $500 debt, you're running a $150 surprlus. Meaning each month you've got money you're putting into the bank and/or paying down your debt. And you're doing that with increased spending.

It'd be irresponsible for someone in case one to go out and add that gym membership to their spending, pushing them more in debt. However, that's not really the case with #2. Now while I understand that issue with thinking that more government spending of any kind is bad, I have issues with the notion that because someone would increase spending by a small but manageable amount in case two that they'd do the same in case one. That's essentially what people suggest with Huntsman. That seemingly because in a state that had a good budget, good revenues, little debt, and great GDP growth Huntsman's budgets increased by a bit that if he came into the Presidency where we have bad budgets, iffy revenues, a HUGE amount of debt, and slow GDP growth that he'd still increase spending. To me, that's a very, very poor assumption to make.
 
Post #51.


It was the result of a survey sent out to more than 3000 earth scientists: 97% of active climatologists agree that human activity is causing global warming : Deltoid.​


Appeal to Validity of Consensus. Appeal to Authority.


Post #98:


. . . it is ultimately a consensus of the scientific community that determines whether a purported discovery is valid or a crock of sh*t.​


You claim "I never claimed that a consensus makes something RIGHT" and here you wrote the exactly what you claim you had not written.

You're still doing it, this time by selectively quoting what I wrote. The next sentence was, "Copernicus discovered that the the earth wasn't the center of the universe, but we might not know it if Galileo hadn't championed his discovery and convinced the scientific community that Copernicus was right." In other words, the consensus doesn't make something right (Copernicus discovered the right answer), but the consensus does communicate to the world at large what it considers to be the right answer.

And you never seem to actually address the real point, which is that it's irrational for someone with little scientific training and a poor understanding of climate change to be utterly convinced that he or she has a better understanding of the problem than thousands of scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding the problem.

Would you care to address that, finally?
 
If so you're pretty much the only self-described conservative I've heard from who thinks so. I'm not saying you're wrong - the more I look at it the more I think you might not be - just that if you're right, it's strange that we don't hear about it more often, and even stranger how much the media/Democrats seem to love the guy while he gets like 1% support among his actual party.

The "Democrats" seem to love him because:

1. He won't even sniff around hinting Obama's a Muslim or a Terrorist or a Kenyan. Sadly, you can't say that for some big named conservatives.

2. He's not opposed to Same Sex unions.
2a. That instantly makes them not as worried about someone being a "religious fundamentalist" since its hard to be that AND be okay with gays gaining some kind of marriage

3. His biggest break with conservatism is he's generally pro-environmentalism which is big for some liberals

4. He's a more traditional conservative with regards to the military, similar but not nearly as far gone as Ron Paul. Its sad actually that a mentality akin to what Bush had in 2000 and was viewed as staunchly conservative is now considered "moderate" by both sides of the aisle due to the politicizing of the War on Terror the past decade

5. He's got a track record of actually succeeding at fiscal policy and good business practices. A lot of your moderate democrats can be appealed to by that...just like the Reagan Democrats of old...because they don't necessarily disagree with the idea, they just don't believe most conservatives who push it since they've not delivered results in ages.

6. They don't know much about him besides the standard lines that are trotted out there by the media on BOTH sides and that he was ambassador for Obama. So I think most of its assumed. I think if he got the nomination we'd suddenly see some "realizing" he either is or "has become" a "right wing extremist"

I agree, the portrayal of him is the second coming of John McCain, which just boggles my mind from a reality stand point but sadly makes sense from the stand point of the Republican establishment and the liberal media who both don't really want the guy i think.
 
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the authority appealed to is actually an authority in the field under discussion, it's not a logical fallacy. It's only a logical fallacy when one appeals to a an expert in one field for his opinion on an unrelated matter.

To be fair, it can still be a fallacy even if the authority actually is an expert in the field in question. The fallacy occurs when the appeal is done in order to assert that a conclusion must be true. This is because any appeal to legitimate authority is inductive in nature, and therefore can only be stated as "likely true".

A logically valid appeal to authority:

There is a consensus among climate experts about Global warming being real.
A consensus of experts is presumed to be true.
Therefore Global warming being real is presumed to be true.

A fallacious appeal to authority would be:

Persona A is a climate expert
Person A believes that global warming is definitely a fraud
Therefore global warming is definitely a fraud.

Even though person A may really be an expert, the argument is still fallacious.
 
If you spent any time in academia, you would see that the real number of true "experts" on something like this is rather small. Dedicating one's life to the study of wind patterns or modeling theory hardly makes you an expert on everything that goes into a theory of global warming.

I know many highly regarded, published scientists who don't understand some of the basic fundamentals of how science works being discussed in this thread. The have vast, specialized knowledge in their chosen area of study, but never took the time or an interest in scientific fundamentals. They simply adopted the paradigm of their major advisor, began doing research, and never looked back.

Yes, that is pretty much my point. For the most part we have no choice but to accept the scientific consensus because no one has the time to independently study and verify all the precursor discoveries that lead up to the present state of knowledge. Climate science is a huge field of study that requires the input of physicists, statisticians, chemists, biologists, geologists, oceanographers, and a whole host of other disciplines. In fact what makes AGW theory so robust is that it's cross-checked by so many different disciplines. And in turn, this is what makes it so absurd for someone with no advanced scientific training to conclude that he or she knows better. From my experience, most of the people who are absolutely convinced that the theory is a HOAX cannot even begin to describe the theory.
 
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The "Democrats" seem to love him because:

1. He even sniff around hinting Obama's a Muslim or a Terrorist or a Kenyan. Sadly, you can't say that for some big named conservatives.
2. He's not opposed to Same Sex unions.
2a. That instantly makes them not as worried about someone being a "religious fundamentalist" since its hard to be that AND be okay with gays gaining some kind of marriage
3. His biggest break with conservatism is he's generally pro-environmentalism which is big for some liberals
4. He's a more traditional conservative with regards to the military, similar but not nearly as far gone as Ron Paul. Its sad actually that a mentality akin to what Bush had in 2000 and was viewed as staunchly conservative is now considered "moderate" by both sides of the aisle due to the politicizing of the War on Terror the past decade
5. He's got a track record of actually succeeding at fiscal policy and good business practices. A lot of your moderate democrats can be appealed to by that...just like the Reagan Democrats of old...because they don't necessarily disagree with the idea, they just don't believe most conservatives who push it since they've not delivered results in ages.
6. They don't know much about him besides the standard lines that are trotted out there by the media on BOTH sides and that he was ambassador for Obama. So I think most of its assumed. I think if he got the nomination we'd suddenly see some "realizing" he either is or "has become" a "right wing extremist"

I agree, the portrayal of him is the second coming of John McCain, which just boggles my mind from a reality stand point but sadly makes sense from the stand point of the Republican establishment and the liberal media who both don't really want the guy i think.

When I started reading up about him my first thought was "This guy reminds me of Zyph for some reason" and my next thought was "I would vote for a guy like that." :lol:
 
there is a lot of lip service paid towards fiscal responsibility form each party, but certain people like Huntsman appear to spend more time actually doing it than talking about it.

Exactly. There's no one in the race that gives me more confidence that they'd get the country back on track than him, because he's got a track record of walking the walk and doing it in a successful manner. I just get disheartened because most conservatives are like Dav, and Dav I'm not meaning this as an insult. What I mean is that most hear the general standard fare about Huntsman, buy in, and it goes no farther. And that's going to destroy any chance he has. Which is extremely unfortunate.

I'm not saying he's 100% perfect conservative guy. He's got issues that would hit the base. I've acknowledged them all over the forum. At one point he was fine with an individual mandate, he was fine with Cap and Trade on a state level, his spending in total money increased, he's okay with civil unions, he's not big on a interventionist type of foreign policy, and he's been okay with potential "paths to citizenship" for illegals such as the Dream Act.

However, sadly, all you tend to hear is those things without ever having them stated with a fair shake. You hear about the individual mandate support...you don't hear the same can be said for Newt and many Republicans at a time and that in the end, with his support and his backing, market driven consumer focused health care reform was passed. You hear about him signing in a state level Cap and Trade, you don't hear about him admitting it was failed and that he wouldn't support it on a national level as we and it are now. His spending increased, but as a percent of GDP it went down, actually shrinking the general size of government compared to the rest of the economy. A non-interventionist type of foreign policy was heralded as staunchly conservative by Bush supports in 2000 and yet somehow is moderate or liberal now. And you don't hear that first and foremost, before he'd talk about or look into ANYTHING else, he'd secure the border first. The very stance that conservatives were screaming at Bush and McCain to take throughout the latter 2000's.

He's got issues, but even on those issues if one gives them a fair and thorough look they're generally not as bad as they're first perceived. They still may be bad for some. Mr. V can't stand him and you know what, he's explained it in such a way to show he fully grasps the facts but just doesn't on principle, and I can respect that. But unfortunately I think MOST conservatives aren't going to be coming at it from that point...they're just going to hear the first few negatives, never be given more information or look into more, and just believe that to be the truth of him.

There's not an individual in this race that I think would be better in a general election vs Obama or better as President.
 
When I started reading up about him my first thought was "This guy reminds me of Zyph for some reason" and my next thought was "I would vote for a guy like that." :lol:

No wonder he gets so much Conservative hate ;)

And in all seriousness, sorry if I came off a bit harsh at any point Dav. Early morning and my brain hasn't been fully in gear I think. I commend you for looking into him more and trying to come up with your own judgement even if that judgement is "Don't like him". At least you're giving him an honest inspection which is more than many can say sadly.

I jumped on the bandwagon pretty quick with him once I researched him a bit. He's very similar to me in that he's somewhat of a social moderate, he's fiscally and governmentaly conservative but seems to be rather pragmatic and realistic in his approach to governance rather than ideological, he's a more traditional conservative with regards to the military in which you want a strong defense but your aim should be using it only when needed, and he's someone that actually wants to run on ideas and his record rather than attacks and rhetoric.

So sadly, yeah...probably doomed in this political age. heh.
 
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In case one...You make $4000 a month, your bills and living expenses cost you $3200, you're paying $300 on minimum payments of credit cards, and you're spending $1000 on misc purchases and entertainment. Well, that means every month you're putting $500 on your credit card because you're spending too much, which raises slowly that minimum payment you have to pay as it compounds your debt.

In case two...You've managed to make $500 more a month, meaning $400. Your bills and living expenses still cost you $3200, but you're debt is far more manageable and from your past, so you only pay $25 a month on it. You however started adding a gym membership to your monthly expenditures, making you spend $1125 an misc purchases and entertainment. Now, rather than a $500 debt, you're running a $150 surprlus. Meaning each month you've got money you're putting into the bank and/or paying down your debt. And you're doing that with increased spending.

Excellent analogy.
 
Ummmm...Tell me how a tooth suddenly starts to sprout hairs and becomes a survival advantage as it evolves into baleen..ie baleen whale? At some point, it becomes ineffective at catching larger fish and is not yet effective at straining out plankton. Yet somehow the tooth continues to change and adapt. Not just in one family line but in enough to supply sufficient genetic diversity for a species to arise. And do it with other animals living in the same water eating the same food and not changing???

The use of the word "suddenly" indicates that you don't have a very firm growth of evolutionary theory. While some evolutionary changes can happen relatively quickly in response to rapid changes in the environment, others occur over millions or tens of millions of years. So in this case you might have had a group of whales that was born with above-average ridges inside their mouths that trapped slightly more food than a non-ridged mouth. That may have given them a modest survival advantage over less-ridged-mouth whales in time of thin food supply, which increased the likelihood that the next generation would be born with ridged mouths. The bigger the ridges, the bigger the advantage, so the change was reinforced across succeeding generations. The process plays out across several million years and it *suddenly* appears to be some kind of miracle, when in fact it's just the accumulation of extremely modest changes over a very long time period.
 
The use of the word "suddenly" indicates that you don't have a very firm growth of evolutionary theory. While some evolutionary changes can happen relatively quickly in response to rapid changes in the environment, others occur over millions or tens of millions of years. So in this case you might have had a group of whales that was born with above-average ridges inside their mouths that trapped slightly more food than a non-ridged mouth. That may have given them a modest survival advantage over less-ridged-mouth whales in time of thin food supply, which increased the likelihood that the next generation would be born with ridged mouths. The bigger the ridges, the bigger the advantage, so the change was reinforced across succeeding generations. The process plays out across several million years and it *suddenly* appears to be some kind of miracle, when in fact it's just the accumulation of extremely modest changes over a very long time period.

what you described is natural selection. Natural selection results is variation within a species due to survival of the fittest. Evolution results in speciation where one species becomes another different species.
 
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