Cremaster77 said:
You acknowledge that to be consistent, that murder of newborns and infants should be allowed.
Somewhat true, but I have a more subtle position than that. Do keep in mind that abortions primariliy occur because those unborn are also unwanted. It logically figures that if
all the unwanted are aborted before birth, then all those born will be wanted, and will not face danger of being murdered by their parents. Furthermore, because infant humans are much more in the "chattel" category than in the person-in-charge-of-self category, there are property-protections that apply, to keep those infants from being arbitrarily murdered by non-parents. Destruction of others' property is a fairly serious offense! Imagine a penalty equal to all the medical expenses associated with carrying a pregnancy to term, plus all the expenses that followed, plus a large emotional-suffering component. So, those infants
don't actually need to be granted person status!
Nevertheless, I also would
tend to condone infanticide of defective human newborns. In theory this should not happen in this era of amniocentesis, ultrasound, endoscope, and other tests, where the defective can almost always be diagnosed as such before birth, and aborted. In practice there will be exceptions, diagnostic failures. In the blink of an eye the wanted can become unwanted, if the defect is awful enough. Evolution spent millions of years weeding out the defectives, allowing us to progress to what we were some centuries ago. Since then medical technology has allowed defective genes to accumulate in the pool. Consider the hypothetical case of an armless woman; born that way, she wants to have kids and pass her defective genes on? I fail to see how that can be a good thing; it is "regress", not "progress'. Let's pretend her defect is on a "dominant" gene; who does she think she is, anyway, to think that her selfish desire to have kids is more important than those kids' right to have healthy/complete bodies? Who is she to condemn them to armless lives, even before they are conceived? Why, we might as well take you, Cremaster77, right off the street, and rip your arms off, saying that you deserve it as much as you think defectives born that way deserve to live their entire lives that way. So, yes, I tend to support infanticide of the defective.
Cremaster77 said:
What is the defining event that transitions an infant into a person?
Biologically, there is no defining event. The characteristics that distinguish persons from animals are manifold, and accumulate. One of the last such characteristics is described
here. Infant humans enter a "grey zone" during which growth/accumulation occurs, of person characteristics. So far as I know, the first such characteristic, Free Will, different from mere animal stimulus/response, is not exhibited until some weeks or months after birth. So, even if we "grandfather" person status through the entire grey zone (while ignoring the fact that a number of ordinary animals also have brainpower that puts them in the grey zone), no newborn human, and certainly no unborn human, qualifes for person status.
Cremaster77 said:
I've already pointed-out that arguing "personness" or "beingness" is a fruitless exercise, just as it is arguing when "ensoulment" occurs is. These are endlessly subjective with no basis in fact or objectivity. Biology, however, does lend itself to much more objectively and therefore, in my opinion, should be the driving force behind defining when something becomes human.
Cremaster77 said:
Unsupported claims. What "proof" would you like that the completely subjective nature of personhood, like ensoulment, cannot be argued because it is entirely based in opinion. The argument I have always made is that human life is a biologic concept and the only objective stance is to look at it fro a biologic perspective and not granting personhood on some humans but not others. If there is anything that could possibly considered "unsupported" here is the claim that you have clearly made that there is some test that determines when a human progresses from life to personhood. I have asked you in several other posts to please define what that is, but have not seen the response.
Ensoulment, if that happens to be a part of Reality, is a completely nonbiological thing, and in fact the existence of souls completely eliminates the notion that humans are persons. Instead, in that scenario souls are the persons. Humans are just vehicles for souls, in that scenario. As are any other ensouled organisms out there, across the wide wide Universe. Nevertheless, even if souls exist, that does not mean they have anything to do with unborn human bodies. From what I've read about "past life regression" research, to the extent that the evidence is believable (feel free to do your own research), it supports incarnation of souls at birth, and never before birth. Which leaves unborn humans still soulless and abortable, vehicles under construction. There are other arguments, too. The notion that God creates souls at conception is particularly stupid, since it ignores the fact that twinning occurs well after conception.
See this link. Twinning requires God to make additional souls after conception, and so there becomes no requirement for any souls, after all, to be made actually-at conception. Furthermore, it seems wasteful to create souls for zygotes that fail to fission into a blastocyst, or for blastocysts that fail to escape the ovum "shell", or for half the blastocysts that merge to form a "chimera" (
http://shallowthgts.blogspot.com/2005/08/i-am-my-own-twin.html), or for blastocysts that fail to implant in a womb, or for blastocysts that fail to become embryos, or for embryos that get washed out in the next menstrual cycle, or for fetuses that miscarry, including so late as to be indistingushable from "still births". Simplest and most efficient if God only makes souls for live births! Not to mention this: God is claimed to be "loving"; does God love a soulless unborn human so much more than a fully adult ensouled and FreeWilled woman, that God will create a soul for that fetus, anyway,
just so the woman can be condemned if she obtains an abortion? That doesn't sound very loving, to me!
So much for ensoulment, and not so fruitless to argue, after all!. Ignoring that now, due to lack of evidence, we proceed to the biological thing, which has its own problems. An Artificial Intelligence is going to be a completely nonbiological person, after all! So the fundamental thing that is necessary, before a person can exist, is brainpower-equivalent. I don't care if the brainpower is organic or electronic or ectoplasmic or whatever; it must exist as a kind of "hardware" for running the software which exhibits the characteristics of persons.
Free Will is the ability to make a decision which is totally independent of all data. (I just saw a cartoon in the Sunday newspaper, "Shoe", in which, as a response to a hold-up, "your money or your life", the victim displayed a "Press" card, as evidence of possessing neither.) In response to a slapped cheek, a Free Will might turn the other cheek, or projectile-vomit, or do jumping jacks. Response does not automatically relate to the stimulus!
Imagination involves
having a "mind's eye", to envision something that is not already there.
Empathy involves imagining oneself in the situation of another.
Recognizing Time is a subtle thing involving imagining oneself in a future situation. Animals that store stuff up for the winter don't do it because they understand Time; they do it becuase they are genetically programmed to do it; they are surviving descendants of those that gradually moved toward wintery climates and adapted along the way. (In the tropics such things don't matter, the mature cacao tree always has flowers awaiting pollination, always has ripe seed pods, and always has every stage in-between.)
Abstraction-representation and abstraction-processing are described in that Scientific American article.
And just because those things may suffice for us to distinguish persons from animals, this may not be true of other persons elsewhere. I'm thinking of those alien-abduction tales in which the humans are treated like animals by telepatic aliens; perhaps
they think we have to be telepathic to qualify as persons!
Hmmmm...time to call it a day. More later.